tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43832828931056151092023-11-16T04:05:50.937-08:00Academy of NeuroscienceSubbash C. Bhatnagar 2007 Neuroscience for the Study of Communicative Disorders.
John P.J. Pinel with Maggie Edwards 2007 A Colorful Introduction to the Anatomy of the Human Brain.Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.comBlogger655125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-84473222568421001312010-04-11T03:46:00.000-07:002010-04-14T16:22:03.148-07:00Taida<h2><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Internet Biosemiotics Resources</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:black;font-weight:normal">台大演講網</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black; font-weight:normal"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:blue;font-weight:normal"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6"><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">「展望」系列演講</span></span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Georgia;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#29303B"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=719"></a></span><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=719"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">人是萬物之靈?</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">- </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">看我們和動物有多相近!</span></span><span style="color:#663300;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=719" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1031" /></span></span></a> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">杜銘章 教授<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>國立師範大學生命科學系<span lang="EN-US">) <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=849"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">人之異於禽獸幾希?</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">從基因組看人的演化</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=849" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1032" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">周成功 教授</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=695"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">大開眼界</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">動物的視覺與行為</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=695" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1033" /></span></span></a> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">國立清華大學 焦傳金 教授 <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=720"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">生物訊號溝通的管道</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">人為干擾的負面效應</span></span><span style="color:#663300;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=720" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1025" /></span></span></a> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">嚴宏洋 研究員<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>中研院細胞與個體生物學研究所<span lang="EN-US">) <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=739"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">大腦如何控制動物行為?</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">- </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">基因與神經網路的可塑性</span></span><span style="color:#663300;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=6&film_sn=739" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1026" /></span></span></a> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">江安世 所長<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>國立清華大學生物科技研究所<span lang="EN-US">) <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=850"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">由基因看演化</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">從果蠅的複眼談發育的演化歷程</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=850" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1027" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">孫以瀚 研究員</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=693"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">誰才是贏家?</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">- </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">病毒與宿主間的戰爭與妥協</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=693" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1028" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">羅竹芳 教授</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=730"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">令人「又怕又愛」的新科技</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">從動物之生殖技術、基因轉殖、與複製科技談起</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=5&film_sn=730" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1034" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">鄭登貴 教授<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>國立臺灣大學動物科學技術學系<span lang="EN-US">)</span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=632"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">追瘤計畫</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> - </span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">偵搜與追殺流竄轉移之癌細胞的新科技</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=632" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1029" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">白果能 博士<span lang="EN-US"> (</span>中研院生物醫學科學研究所<span lang="EN-US">)</span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:標楷體;color:black"><a href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=626"><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">追夢計畫</span></span><span style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><span lang="EN-US">談資訊工程在睡眠醫學的應用</span></span><span style="color:#336699;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="觀賞影片" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/user/vod_film.php?film_series=54&pager_PageID=7&film_sn=626" style="'width:13.5pt;height:13.5pt'" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://speech.ntu.edu.tw/image/icon/media_s.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout"><img border="0" width="18" height="18" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="觀賞影片" shapes="_x0000_i1030" /></span></span></a></span> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:標楷體;color:black">陽明大學腦科研究所 郭博昭教授</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-19964108541585055232010-04-10T16:33:00.001-07:002010-04-10T16:34:30.218-07:00Biolinguistic Turn<h2><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 300%;Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.4pt; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;">Biolinguistic Turn<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2> <h3><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 300%;Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.4pt; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;">Language and the Mind Revisited - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJp1-Od67-U&feature=channel">The Biolinguistic Turn</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style=" line-height:300%;Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJp1-Od67-U&feature=channel">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJp1-Od67-U&feature=channel</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/yJp1-Od67-U&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/yJp1-Od67-U&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-Times New Roman"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">免費下載</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision"><strong><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:#0033CC;">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-Times New Roman";border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">西元</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-Times New Roman"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-Times New Roman";border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">10</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-Times New Roman"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">日</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">UC Berkeley presents the The Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Lecture series, featuring linguist and political activist Noam Chomsky. Chomsky examines biolinguistics - the study of relations between physiology and speech.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">Series: "UC Berkeley Graduate Council Lectures" [7/2003] [Public Affairs] [Humanities] [Show ID: 7412]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="Times New Roman";letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;">Language and the Mind Revisited - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tvPkSveevA">The Rest of the World</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tvPkSveevA"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tvPkSveevA">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tvPkSveevA</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_tvPkSveevA&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_tvPkSveevA&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">免費下載</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision" style="border-style:initial; border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial; background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><strong style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:nonecolor:#0033CC;">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">西元</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">10</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">日</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">Influential linguist and political Activist Noam Chomsky discusses the properties, design and theories of language in this Hitchcock lecture presented at UC Berkeley. Series: "UC Berkeley Graduate Council Lectures" [7/2003] [Public Affairs] [Humanities] [Show ID: 7414]</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=" Times New Roman";border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;">Grey Matters: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1pbnWcabMY&feature=related">Understanding Language</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="Times New Roman"; font-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1pbnWcabMY&feature=related"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1pbnWcabMY&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1pbnWcabMY&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/K1pbnWcabMY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0xcc2550&color2=0xe<st1:chmetcnv unitname=" sourcevalue="87" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">87a<st1:chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="9" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">9f</st1:chmetcnv>"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/K1pbnWcabMY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0xcc2550&color2=0xe<st1:chmetcnv unitname=" sourcevalue="87" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on"></embed>87a<st1:chmetcnv unitname="F" sourcevalue="9" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">9f</st1:chmetcnv>" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></object><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision"><strong style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:#0033CC;">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="01" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">22</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">Why are humans the only species to have language? Is there something special about our brains? Are there genes that have evolved for language? In this talk, Jeff Elman, UCSD professor of cognitive science and co-director of the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, discusses some of the exciting new research that helps us understand what it is about human language that is so different from other animals' communication systems, and what about our biology might make language possible. Series: "Grey Matters" [7/2006] [Science] [Show ID: 11187]</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="Times New Roman";letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;">The Origin of the Human Mind: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rconzwB422s&feature=channel">Brain Imaging and Evolution</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style=" Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rconzwB422s&feature=channel"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rconzwB422s&feature=channel">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rconzwB422s&feature=channel</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/rconzwB422s&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x402061&color2=0x9461ca"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rconzwB422s&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x402061&color2=0x9461ca" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision"><strong style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:#0033CC;">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="01" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">22</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">UCSD cognitive scientist Martin Sereno takes you on a captivating exploration of the brain's structure and function as revealed through investigations with new advanced imaging techniques and understandings of evolution. Series: "Grey Matters" [12/2005] [Science] [Show ID: 11186]</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style=" Times New Roman";border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khp4VWJC1FI&feature=related">Evolution, Culture and Truth</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style=" Times New Roman";font-family:";font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khp4VWJC1FI&feature=related"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khp4VWJC1FI&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khp4VWJC1FI&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/khp4VWJC1FI&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0xe<st1:chmetcnv unitname=" sourcevalue="1600" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">1600f&color2=0xfebd01"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/khp4VWJC1FI&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0xe<st1:chmetcnv unitname=" sourcevalue="1600" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on"></embed>1600f&color2=0xfebd01" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></object><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/ResearchChannel"><strong style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: nonecolor:#0033CC;">ResearchChannel</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="02" day="21" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">02</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">21</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi- border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0ptfont-family:Arial;font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-size:14.0pt;color:black;"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initialcolor:initial;"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style=" border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0ptfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;">In this Tufts University video, Daniel C. Dennett, philosophy professor and co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Tufts</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>, offers a unique perspective on the role of philosophy in the cognitive and behavioral sciences. Dennett is known for his research on the mind and consciousness, relating philosophy to the scientific study of the brain, evolution and artificial intelligence.</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-39774823638356881982010-04-10T08:07:00.000-07:002010-04-10T08:10:12.647-07:00Emoto<h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Masaru Emoto - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Uv3sygcp4I&feature=related">1 of 4</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Uv3sygcp4I&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Uv3sygcp4I&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2Uv3sygcp4I&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2Uv3sygcp4I&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/ubikmonroe"><strong style="border-style:initial; border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial; background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">ubikmonroe</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="12" day="11" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">12</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">11</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/redirect?username=ubikmonroe&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masaru-emoto.net%2F&video_id=2Uv3sygcp4I&event=url_redirect&url_redirect=True&usg=f4iHsVWM27R5qTtoEZbINlOr5Fc=" target="_blank" title="http://www.masaru-emoto.net/" style="border-style:initial; border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial; background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC">http://www.masaru-emoto.net/</span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><br /><span class="apple-style-span">See how spoken and written words change the structure of water. This ground breaking work from Dr Masuro Emoto shows us that what we say, and feel and well as what we listen to has an effect on water, and because we are made up of water, it has an effect on us.</span></span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Masaru Emoto - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFL78rDX_9w&NR=1">2 of 4</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFL78rDX_9w&NR=1"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFL78rDX_9w&NR=1">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFL78rDX_9w&NR=1</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Masaru Emoto - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P02AjVeEp9o&feature=related">3 of 4</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P02AjVeEp9o&feature=related"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P02AjVeEp9o&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P02AjVeEp9o&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Masaru Emoto - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0MeoXCano&NR=1">4 of 4</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0MeoXCano&NR=1"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0MeoXCano&NR=1">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG0MeoXCano&NR=1</a> <o:p></o:p></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-10961000759971567852010-04-10T03:19:00.000-07:002010-04-10T03:33:33.356-07:00Extended Mind<h2 style="mso-line-height-alt:13.8pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnA8GUtXpXY&feature=related">The Extended Mind</a>: Recent Experimental Evidence (</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake">Rupert</a> <a href="http://www.sheldrake.org/homepage.html">Sheldrake</a> (1942 -)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnA8GUtXpXY&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnA8GUtXpXY&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JnA8GUtXpXY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JnA8GUtXpXY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/GoogleTechTalks"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">GoogleTechTalks</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="09" day="05" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">09</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">05</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Google Tech Talks September 2, 2008 <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">ABSTRACT<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">We have been brought up to believe that the mind is located inside the head. But there are good reasons for thinking that this view is too limited. Recent experimental results show that people can influence others at a distance just by looking at them, even if they look from behind and if all sensory clues are eliminated. And people's intentions can be detected by animals from miles away. The commonest kind of non-local interaction mental influence occurs in connection with telephone calls, where most people have had the experience of thinking of someone shortly before they ring. Controlled, randomized tests on telephone telepathy have given highly significant positive results. Research techniques have now been automated and experiments on telepathy are now being conducted through the internet and cell phones, enabling widespread participation.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Speaker: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake">Rupert</a> <a href="http://www.sheldrake.org/homepage.html">Sheldrake</a> (1942 -) <o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Rupert Sheldrake, Ph.D. is a biologist and author of more than 75 technical papers and ten books, the most recent being The Sense of Being Stared At. He studied at <st1:city st="on">Cambridge</st1:city> and <st1:placename st="on">Harvard</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Universities</st1:placetype>, was a Fellow of Clare College, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Cambridge</st1:city></st1:place> and a Research Fellow of the Royal Society. He is currently Director of the Perrott-Warrick project, funded from Trinity College Cambridge.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Sheldrake">Rupert</a> <a href="http://www.sheldrake.org/homepage.html">Sheldrake</a></span></span><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333;letter-spacing:-.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"> - The Extended Mind - <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7HwjYrbwEM&feature=related">The Sense Of Being Stared At</a>. Pt 1/3</span> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7HwjYrbwEM&feature=related"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7HwjYrbwEM&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7HwjYrbwEM&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/U7HwjYrbwEM&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/U7HwjYrbwEM&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/xcite83"><strong style="border-style:initial; border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial; background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">xcite83</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="02" day="27" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">02</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">27</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Rupert Sheldrake is a British former biochemist and plant physiologist who now researches and writes on parapsychology and other controversial subjects. His books and papers stem from his theory of morphic resonance, and cover topics such as animal and plant development and behaviour, memory, telepathy and perception.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">In 2003, Sheldrake published The Sense of Being Stared At on the psychic staring effect, including an experiment where blindfolded subjects guessed whether persons were staring at them or at another target. He reported that, in tens of thousands of trials, the scores were consistently above chance (60%) when the subject was being stared at, but only 50% (random chance) when the subject was not being stared at. This suggested a weak sense of being stared at but no sense of not being stared at. He also claimed that these experiments were widely repeated, in schools in <st1:state st="on">Connecticut</st1:state> and <st1:city st="on">Toronto</st1:city> and a science museum in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Amsterdam</st1:place></st1:city>, with consistent results.</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="mso-line-height-alt:13.8pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3OOC5n0TvY&feature=related">The Man With The Extended Mind</a> (1/4) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3OOC5n0TvY&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3OOC5n0TvY&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/t3OOC5n0TvY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/t3OOC5n0TvY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/olioh"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">olioh</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2007" month="06" day="08" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2007</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">06</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">08</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Part 1<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Clipboard in hand, Jes Benstock delves into the world of heretical scientist, Dr. Rupert Sheldrake. Can his experiments really prove the existence of phantom limbs and telepathic dogs?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Find out more at: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/redirect?username=olioh&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.benstock.co.uk%2Fextended%2FExtended%2520Mind.html&video_id=t3OOC5n0TvY&event=url_redirect&url_redirect=True&usg=s5CDtLPCYxSvxP-_wglxl8AMUgU=" target="_blank" title="http://www.benstock.co.uk/extended/Extended%20Mind.html"><span style="color:#0033CC">http://www.benstock.co.uk/extended/Ex...</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-5463715494101458392010-04-10T00:31:00.001-07:002010-04-10T00:35:48.088-07:00Patel<h1><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;color:black;font-weight: normal"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/">Patel</a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">, A.D. (2008). <i>Music, Language, and the Brain.</i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體;color:black;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h1> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20090723 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY">The Music of Language and the Language of Music</a> (</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Aniruddh Patel)<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2oMvtw4aeEY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2oMvtw4aeEY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="07" day="23" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">23</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">In our everyday lives, language and instrumental music are obviously different things. Neuroscientist and musician Ani Patel is the author of a recent, elegantly argued offering from Oxford University Press, "Music, Language and the Brain." Oliver Sacks calls Patel a "pioneer in the use of new concepts and technology to investigate the neural correlates of music." In Patel's presentation, he discusses some of the hidden connections between language and instrumental music that are being uncovered by empirical scientific studies.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">The Music and the Brain Lecture Series is a cycle of lectures and special presentations that highlight an explosion of new research in the rapidly expanding field of "neuromusic." Programming is sponsored by the Library's Music Division and its Science, Technology and Business Division, in cooperation with the Dana Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Aniruddh Patel is the Esther J. Burnham Senior Fellow in Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">20080122 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related">Music and the Mind</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZgKFeuzGEns&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZgKFeuzGEns&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision"><strong><span style="color: #0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2008" month="01" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">22</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">In this edition of "Grey Matters," Aniruddh Patel, of the Neurosciences Institute, discusses what music can teach us about the brain, and what brain science, in turn, can reveal about music. Series: "Grey Matters" [4/2006] [Science] [Show ID: 11189] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/speech_database.html">[Speech database]</a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;font-weight: normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h2><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/publications.html">[Publications]</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;font-weight:normal">Book: </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;font-weight:normal"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/">Patel</a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">, A.D. (2008). <i>Music, Language, and the Brain.</i> NY: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. (<a href="http://www.oup.com/us/patel"><span style="color:purple">Link to OUP website and sound examples</span></a>) (<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Music-Language-Brain-Aniruddh-Patel/dp/0195123751/ref=sr_1_1/102-0580855-3582566?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1193084196&sr=8-1">Link to Amazon</a>) (<a href="http://www.ascap.com/press/2008/1021_taylor_awards.aspx">ASCAP award</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">[Book reviews: <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Nature_April_2008.pdf">Nature</a></i> (April 10, 2008), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Nature_neuroscience_April_2008.pdf">Nature Neuroscience</a></i> (April 2008), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_TICS_2008.pdf">Trends in Cognitive Sciences</a></i> (July 2008), <a href="http://linguistlist.org/issues/19/19-2953.html">Linguist list</a> (Sept 29, 2008), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Empirical_Musicology_Review.pdf">Empirical Musicology Review</a> </i>(Oct 2008),<i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Neuron_Nov_2008.pdf">Neuron</a> </i>(Nov 2008), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Music_Perception_Feb_2009.pdf">Music Perception</a></i> (Feb 2009), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Musicae_Scientiae_Feb_2009.pdf">Musicae Scientiae</a></i> (Spring 2009), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Brain_Sept_2009.pdf">Brain</a></i> (Sept 2009), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Psych_of_Music_Sept_2009.pdf">Psychology of Music</a></i> (Sept 2009), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Lang_and_Cognition_Sept_2009.pdf">Language and Cognition</a></i> (Sept 2009), <i><a href="http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.09.15.5/mto.09.15.5.shanahan.html">Music Theory Online</a></i> (Oct 2009), <i><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MLB_review_Phonology_Dec_2009.pdf">Phonology</a></i> (Dec 2009)] (<a href="http://www.allbookstores.com/book/0195123751">Compare prices</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;font-weight:normal">Papers:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Yoshida, K., Iversen, J.R., Patel, A.D., Mazuka, R., Nito, H., Gervain, J., & Werker, J. (in press). The development of perceptual grouping biases in infancy: A Japanese-English cross-linguistic study. <i>Cognition.</i> (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Yoshida_Iversen_Patel_et_al_in_press_Cognition.pdf">preprint-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Xu, Y., & Wang, B. (in press). The role of F0 variation in the intelligibility of Mandarin sentences. <i>Proceedings of Speech Prosody 2010,</i> May 11-14, 2010, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Chicago</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">IL</st1:state>, <st1:country-region st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:place>. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Xu_Wang_SP2010_in_press.pdf">preprint-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (in press). Language, music, and the brain: A resource-sharing framework. In:<i> Language and Music as Cognitive Systems</i>. P. Rebuschat, M.Rohrmeier, J. Hawkins, & <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> Cross (Eds.). <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_LMCS_in_press.pdf">preprint – pdf</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel. A.D. (in press). Advancing the comparative study of linguistic and musical syntactic processing. (A response to commentaries on the above chapter). In:<i>Language and Music as Cognitive Systems</i>. P. Rebuschat, M. Rohrmeier, J. Hawkins, & <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> Cross (Eds.). <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. <a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_LMCS_response.pdf">(preprint-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., Bregman, M.R., & Schulz, <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> (2009). Experimental evidence for synchronization to a musical beat in a nonhuman animal. <i>Current Biology,</i> 19: 827-830. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Bregman_Schulz_2009_Current_Biology.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERpIWTh18cY&feature=channel_page">video examples</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Fitch_2009_comment_Current_Biology.pdf">commentary</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R. Bregman, M.R. & Schulz, <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> (2009). Studying synchronization to a musical beat in nonhuman animals. <i>Annals of the <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state> Academyof Sciences,</i> 1169: 459-469. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Bregman_Schulz_2009_NYAS.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., Bregman, M.R., & Schulz, <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> (2009). Avian and human movement to music: Two further parallels. <i>Communicative and Integrative Biology,</i> 2(6): 1-4. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Bregman_Schulz_2009_CIB.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Iversen, J.R., Repp, B., & Patel, A.D. (2009). Top-down control of rhythm perception modulates early auditory responses. <i>Annals of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">New York</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Academy</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Sciences,</i> 1169: 58-73. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Iversen_Repp_Patel_2009_Annals_NYAS.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Slevc, L.R., <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Rosenberg</st1:place></st1:city>, J.C., & Patel, A.D. (2009). Making psycholinguistics musical: Self-paced reading time evidence for shared processing of linguistic and musical syntax. <i>Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, </i>16: 374-381. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Slevc_Rosenberg_Patel_2009.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Fedorenko, E., Patel, A.D., Casasanto, D., Winawer, J., & Gibson, E. (2009). Structural integration in language and music: Evidence for a shared system. <i>Memory & Cognition,</i> 37: 1-9. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Fedorenko_Patel_Casasanto_Winawer_Gibson_2009.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) [Awarded “Best article in <st1:chmetcnv unitname="in" sourcevalue="2009" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">2009 in</st1:chmetcnv> <i>Memory & Cognition</i>” from the Psychonomic Society].<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2009). Music and the brain: Three links to language. In: <i>The <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Oxford</st1:place></st1:city> Handbook of Music Psychology.</i> S. Hallam, I. Cross, & M. Thaut (Eds.) <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press (pp. 208-216). (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_OUP_Handbook_chapter_in_press.pdf">paper–pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Iversen, J.R., Patel, A.D., & Ohgushi, K. (2008). Perception of rhythmic grouping depends on auditory experience. <i>Journal of the Acoustical Society of <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>,</i>124: 2263-2271. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Iversen_Patel_Ohgushi_JASA_2008.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=820">commentary on Language Log</a>) (<a href="http://www.acoustics.org/press/152nd/iversen_patel_ohgushi.html">popular version of paper</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2008). Talk of the tone. <i>Nature,</i> 453: 726-727. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2008_Nature_essay.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/scienceandmusic/">Essay series</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:DE">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., Wassenaar, M., & Hagoort, P. (2008). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Musical syntactic processing in agrammatic Broca’s aphasia. <i>Aphasiology,</i> 22: 776-789. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Wassenaar_Hagoort_2008_Aphasiology.pdf"><span style="color:purple">paper-pdf</span></a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D, Wong, M., Foxton, J., Lochy, A., & Peretz, <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> (2008). Speech intonation perception deficits in musical tone deafness (congenital amusia). <i>Music Perception, </i>25: 357-368. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Wong_Foxton_Lochy_Peretz_2008.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Repp, B.H., Iversen, J.R., & Patel, A.D. (2008). Tracking an imposed beat within a metrical grid. <i>Music Perception, </i>26: 1-18. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Repp_Iversen_Patel_2008.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2008). A neurobiological strategy for exploring links between emotion recognition in music and speech. <i>Behavioral and Brain Sciences, </i>31: 589-590.(<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_BBS_comment_in_press.pdf">preprint-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Tierney, A.T., Russo, F.A., & Patel, A.D. (2008). Empirical comparisons of pitch patterns in music, speech, and birdsong. <i>Paper presented at Acoustics ’08 (155<sup>th</sup> meeting of the Acoustical Society of <st1:country-region st="on">America</st1:country-region>),</i> <i>July 2008, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Paris</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">France</st1:country-region></st1:place>.</i> (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Tierney_Russo_Patel_ASA_2008.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Iversen, J.R, & Patel, A.D. (2008). The Beat Alignment Test (BAT): Surveying beat processing abilities in the general population. In: <i>Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC10), August 2008, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Sapporo</st1:city>, <st1:country-region st="on">Japan</st1:country-region></st1:place>. </i>K. Miyazaki et al. (Eds.), <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Adelaide</st1:place></st1:city>: Causal Productions, p. 465-468. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/iversen/pubs/Iversen_Patel_2008_ICMPC10_BAT_paper.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/iversen/pubs/Iversen_Patel_2008_ICMPC10_BAT_poster.pdf">poster-pdf</a>) (</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt;mso-ansi-language:FR"><a href="http://www.nsi.edu/users/iversen/bat/BAT_TEST.zip"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">BAT stimuli</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2008). Music as a transformative technology of the mind. <i>Paper presented at Music: Its Evolution, Cognitive Basis, and Spiritual Dimensions.</i> <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Cambridge</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>, Sept 18-20, 2008. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2008_Templeton_Essay.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., & Iversen, J.R. (2007). The linguistic benefits of musical abilities. <i>Trends in Cognitive Sciences,</i> 11: 369-372. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_2007_TICS.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2006). Musical rhythm, linguistic rhythm, and human evolution. <i>Music Perception, </i>24:99-104. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2006_Music_Perception.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., & <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Rosenberg</st1:place></st1:city>, J.C. (2006). Comparing the rhythm and melody of speech and music: The case of British English and French. <i>Journal of the Acoustical Society of <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region>, </i>119:3034-3047. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Rosenberg_2006_JASA.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://www.aip.org/148th/patel.html">popular version of paper</a>-html) (<a href="http://www.nature.com/news/2004/041108/full/041108-12.html">Nature news story</a>-html) (<a href="http://www.nsi.edu/users/patel/npvi_calculator.html">online nPVI calculator</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2006). An empirical method for comparing pitch patterns in spoken and musical melodies: A comment on J.G.S. Pearl’s “Eavesdropping with a Master:Leoš Janáček and the music of speech.”. <i>Empirical Musicology Review, </i>1:166-169. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2006_EMR.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2006). Music and the mind. <i>Lecture given for the UCSD “<a href="http://greymatters.ucsd.edu/">Grey Matters</a>” series on neuroscience for the public, Feb 8, 2006.</i> <a href="http://www.ucsd.tv/search-details.asp?showID=11189">(on UCSD TV</a>) (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns">on YouTube</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Matsumoto, K., Samson, G.T., O’Daly, O.D., <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Tracy</st1:place></st1:city>, D.K., Patel, A.D., & Shergill, S.S. (2006). Prosodic discrimination in patients with schizophrenia. <i>British Journal of Psychiatry</i>, 189:180-181. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Matsumoto_et_al_2006.pdf">paper-pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Matsumoto_et_al_2006_data_supplement.pdf">data supplement-pdf</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Iversen, J.R. (2006). A non-human animal can drum a steady beat on a musical instrument. In: <i>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition (ICMPC9). </i></span><span lang="IT" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: IT">M. Baroni, A. R. Addessi, R. Caterina, & M. Costa (Eds.), p. 477. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">(<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_2006_elephants_ICMPC.pdf">abstract-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2005). The relationship of music to the melody of speech and to syntactic processing disorders in aphasia. <i>Annals of the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">New York</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Academy</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Sciences,</i> 1060:59-70 (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2005_Annals_NYAS.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Foxton, J.M., & Griffiths, T.D. (2005). Musically tone-deaf individuals have difficulty discriminating intonation contours extracted from speech. <i>Brain and Cognition, </i>59:310-313. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Foxton_Griffiths_2005.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., Chen, Y., & Repp, B.H. (2005). The influence of metricality and modality on synchronization with a beat. <i>Experimental Brain Research,</i>163:226-238. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Chen_Repp_2005.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Iversen, J.R., & Hagoort, P. (2004). Musical syntactic processing in Broca’s aphasia: A preliminary study. In: <i>Proc. of the 8<sup>th</sup> Intl. Conference on Music Perception and Cognition, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Evanston</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">IL</st1:state></st1:place>, 2004. </i>S.D. Lipscomb et al. (Eds.), pp. 797-800. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Adelaide</st1:place></st1:city>: Causal Productions. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Hagoort_ICMPC8.pdf">paper – pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Daniele, J.R. & Patel, A.D. (2004). The interplay of linguistic and historical influences on musical rhythm in different cultures. In: <i>Proc. of the 8<sup>th</sup> Intl. Conference on Music Perception and Cognition, <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Evanston</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">IL</st1:state></st1:place>, 2004. </i>S.D. Lipscomb et al. (Eds.),<i> </i>pp. 759-762. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Adelaide</st1:place></st1:city>: Causal Productions. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Daniele_Patel_ICMPC8.pdf">paper – pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Balaban, E. (2004). Human auditory cortical dynamics during perception of long acoustic sequences: Phase tracking of carrier frequency by the auditory steady-state response. <i>Cerebral Cortex,</i> 14(1):35-46. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_2004_Cerebral_Cortex.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2003). Rhythm in language and music: Parallels and differences. <i>Annals of the NY <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">Academy</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Sciences</st1:placename></st1:place>,</i> 999:140-143. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2003_Annals_NYAS.pdf">paper–pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Comment_on_Patel_2003_Annals_NYAS.pdf">comment-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: DE">Patel, A.D. & Daniele, J.R. (2003). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Stress-timed vs. syllable-timed music? A comment on Huron and Ollen (2003). <i>Music Perception</i>, 21:273-276. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Daniele_2003_Music_Perception.pdf">paper – pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel A.D. (2003). Language, music, syntax and the brain. <i>Nature Neuroscience</i> 6(7):674-681. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2003_Nature_Neuroscience.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2003_Nature_Neuroscience_supp_info.pdf">supplementary information</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2003_Nature_Neuroscience_errata.pdf">errata - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2003). A new approach to the cognitive neuroscience of melody. In: <i>The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music</i>. I. Peretz and R. Zatorre (Eds.), pp.325-345. <st1:city st="on">Oxford</st1:city>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Univ.</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_2003_Cog_Neuro_Music_chapter.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel A.D. & Iversen, J.R. (2003). Acoustic and perceptual comparison of speech and drum sounds in the North Indian tabla tradition: an empirical study of sound symbolism. <i>Proceedings of the 15<sup>th</sup> International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Barcelona</st1:place></st1:city>, 2003, </i>pp.925-928.<i> </i>(<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_ICPhS_2003.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_ICPhS_2003_Poster.pdf">poster [with spectrograms]</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/tabla/index.html">sound examples</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/tablaexp">perception experiment</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Daniele, J.R. (2003). An empirical comparison of rhythm in language and music. <i>Cognition, </i>87:B35-B45. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Daniele_Cognition.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://www.nsi.edu/users/patel/npvi_calculator.html">online nPVI calculator</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Chen, Y., Repp, B.H., & Patel, A.D. (2002). Spectral decomposition of variability in synchronization and continuation tapping: Comparisons between auditory and visual feedback conditions. <i>Human Movement Science,</i> 21:515-532. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/HMS_paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Balaban E. (2001) Human pitch perception is reflected in the timing of stimulus-related cortical activity. <i>Nature Neuroscience,</i> 4(8):839-844. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/NN_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_Nature_Neuroscience.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_NN_Supp_Info.pdf">suppelmentary information - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Balaban, E. (2000). Temporal patterns of human cortical activity reflect tone sequence structure. <i>Nature,</i><br />404:80-84. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/NATURE_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_Nature_Paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_News_Views.pdf">news&views article - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_Nature_Supp_Info.PDF">supplementary information - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/tone_sequences/index.html">sound examples</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Balaban_Nature_Paper_errata.pdf">errata - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (2000). Tone sequence structure is reflected in dynamic neural responses. In: <i>Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition. </i>C. Woods, G. Luck, R. Brochard, F. Seddon, & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.)<i> </i>Keele:<i> </i>Keele University Department of Psychology. [A less technical version of Patel & Balaban, 2000]. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/icmpc_paper_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/icmpc_paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Löfqvist, A., and Naito, W. (1999). The acoustics and kinematics of regularly-timed speech: A database and method for the study of the P-center problem. <i>Proceedings of the 14<sup>th</sup> International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, 1999, </i>Volume 1, pp.405-408. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/ICPhS_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/icphs99_paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/speech_database.html">database</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (1998). Syntactic processing in language and music: Different cognitive operations, similar neural resources? <i>Music Perception, </i>16(1): 27-42. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/MP_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/music_perception_paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., Gibson, E., Ratner, J., Besson, M. & Holcomb, P.J. (1998). Processing syntactic relations in language and music: An event-related potential study.<i>Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, </i>10(6): 717-733. </span><span lang="ES" style="font-size: 14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/JCN_ab.html"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language:ES">abstract</span></a></span><span lang="ES" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: ES">) (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/JCN.pdf"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language:ES">paper - pdf</span></a></span><span lang="ES" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: ES">)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="ES" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:ES">Patel, A.D., Peretz, I., Tramo, M. & Labrecque, R. (1998). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">Processing prosodic and musical patterns: A neuropsychological investigation. <i>Brain and Language,</i>61:<i> </i>123-144. (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/B&L_ab.html">abstract</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/BL_paper.pdf">paper - pdf</a>) (<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/BL_paper_errata.pdf">errata - pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D., & Peretz, <st1:place st="on">I.</st1:place> (1997). Is music autonomous from language? A neuropsychological appraisal. In:<i> Perception and Cognition of Music</i>. I. Deliège and J.Sloboda, Eds., (pp.191-215). <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city>: Erlbaum Psychology Press. <a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/P&CM_ab.html">(abstract)</a>(<a href="http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Peretz_book_chapter.pdf">paper-pdf</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Publications in previous field</span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:DE">Andersen, A. & Patel, A.D., (1994). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">Meat ants as dominant members of Australian ant communities: an experimental test of their influence on foraging success and foraging abundance. <i>Oecologia, </i>98:<i> </i>181-191.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Myers, C. & Patel, A.D. (1991). Saving <st1:place st="on">Asia</st1:place>’s wildlife. <i>World Monitor, </i>4(1): 50-55.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. (1990). An unusually broad behavioral repertory for a major worker in a dimorhphic ant species: <i>Pheidole morrisi. Psyche, </i>97(3-4): 181-191.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Patel, A.D. & Lin, Y.S. (1989). <i>History of Wildlife Conservation in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Taiwan</st1:place></st1:country-region></i>. Council of Agriculture Forestry Series #20 (48 pp. book, published in English and Chinese).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-52789337833990233372010-04-09T23:37:00.001-07:002010-04-09T23:38:42.164-07:00Musilanguage<h2><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman""><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html">Musilanguage Research Resources</a> (<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Community</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#143CA0;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none"> </span></span><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">Music</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#143CA0; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> </span></span><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Victoria</span></a></span></span></span>)<o:p></o:p></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html">http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;font-weight:normal">Musilanguage -</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> <a href="http://www.sfu.ca/psyc/brown/musilanguage.pdf">Model of Music Evolution</a> (Steven Brown) </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://www.sfu.ca/psyc/brown/musilanguage.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:#993399">http://www.sfu.ca/psyc/brown/musilanguage.pdf</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#keywords#keywords">Keywords</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#individuals#individuals">Individuals</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#research#research">Research institutions & associations</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#periodicals#periodicals">Periodicals & websites</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#conferences#conferences">Conferences</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#books#books">Books, articles and reviews</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;color:blue;mso-font-kerning:0pt; mso-ansi-language:EN;font-weight:normal"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#3366FF;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#3366FF;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN">Thinking about musicking?</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0pt; margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0pt;text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:1.5pt;text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:#3366FF;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">The origins, purpose, function, results and value of music</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">In mid 2006, our <a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/VicSings.html"><span style="color:black">Victoria Sings</span></a> program was scheduled for a large-scale evaluation. While negotiating the form this would take, the contracted experts stated that so little research had been done on the health impacts of group music-making that a significant portion of the project should be devoted to illustrating these effects.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">Our Executive Officer, <a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/WhoWeAre.html#jon"><span style="color:black">Jon Hawkes</span></a>, demured; he opined (without really being absolutely sure) that there actually was a huge body of research, perhaps rendered invisible because it occurred across such a wide range of disciplines. His suggestion was rejected, the Victoria Sings evaluation didn't happen (but that's another story), and thus began this section of our website.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">(A little diversion: turns out Jon isn't the only one who thinks the point has already been proved; the <a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/NewResearch.html#UKhealth"><span style="color:black">Arts and Health Working Group </span></a>in the <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region> reached a similar conclusion a year later)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">We had never really bothered much with research before - the benefits of making music together had always seemed totally obvious to us, and our top priority was to help get it happening more widely, rather than to be able explain why it was so important.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">But the world has changed: it's increasingly difficult to raise the dosh without being able to provide 'the evidence'. So, for our own needs, and as an aid to others finding themselves in a similar position, we decided to bring together what we could find of the intersections between music-making and scientific investigation and analysis.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">A year and a half later, we are more than a bit overwhelmed at the amount of material we've found (nearly 2,500 entries) - and at a bit of a loss about how to make it useful. Long lists are impressive but not very accessible. Our method has been to record the bare essentials and to link each item to a web source, but even so, it's not hard to imagine the onset of scrolling overload.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">We've put our findings together into six sections:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellpadding="0" style="mso-cellspacing:1.5pt; mso-padding-alt:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#3366FF;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:white;mso-font-kerning:0pt">List name</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#3366FF;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:white;mso-font-kerning:0pt">No of items</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#3366FF;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:white;mso-font-kerning:0pt">Description</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#keywords#keywords"><span style="color:black">Keywords</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">96<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">a hyperlinked glossary of concepts, disciplines, technologies and concerns that, we hope, can function as a navigational tool.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:2"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#individuals#individuals"><span style="color:black">Individuals</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">185<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">people who have made a significant contribution to our understanding of music, what they do, where they work and how they can be reached.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:3"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#research#research"><span style="color:black">Research institutions & associations</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">160<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">places where research is happening.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:4"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#periodicals#periodicals"><span style="color:black">Periodicals & websites</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">79<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">the vehicles of dissemination.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:5"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#conferences#conferences"><span style="color:black">Conferences</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">55<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">past and future talkfests. Papers presented at these gatherings are often the first indication of new directions. Nothing seems to focus the mind more than putting one's findings in front of one's peers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:6;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes"> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch.html#books#books"><span style="color:black">Books, articles and reviews</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1,922<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border:solid #000033 1.0pt;background:#A0A0A0;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:3.75pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-font-kerning:0pt">the bibliography.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">We've confirmed the obvious: that scholars, scientists and researchers have been exploring music's biological, physiological and psychological status and effect for ever (Plato was among the early ones and it's never stopped). Of greatest interest to us is that these explorations offer insights into music's socialisation, educational and healthcare applications.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">What did surprise us (but on reflection, shouldn't have) was the diversity of disciplines, both within and beyond music, in which serious scientific investigation of music has occurred. We've found ourselves steering a course through:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1025" /> Music psychology (including evolutionary psychology and emotion psychology)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1026" /> Music therapy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1027" /> Music cognition and perception (including neuroscience, neurobiology, brain function and development)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1028" /> Ethnomusicology (including cultural anthropology)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1029" /> Musicology and music theory</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1030" /> Music education</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1031" /> Music sociology</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1032" /> Infant and early childhood development</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1033" /> Aged care</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="*" style="'width:8.25pt;height:8.25pt'"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\user\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/MusicResearch_files/image001.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><img border="0" width="11" height="11" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/user/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="*" shapes="_x0000_i1034" /> Evolutionary biology (including the evolution of language and palaeoanthropology)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">At which point, to avoid madness, we had to set ourselves some limits. We decided not to include material arising from the mass of research undertaken as to the social impact of community arts programs in general (this having been copiously documented elsewhere), and to avoid the area of social capital research (also well covered by others).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">If all this remains overwhelming, you might like to browse just the most recent <a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/NewResearch.html"><span style="color:black">new research and reports</span></a> that we've come across.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">Or, you could check out the <a href="http://www.mca.org.au/index.php?id=36"><span style="color:black">Music Council of Australia's Guide to Australian Research</span></a>. This is a good place to find useful summaries and links.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN">This page contains 2,497 entries (most recently added to, <st1:chsdate year="2018" month="8" day="8" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on">18/8/08</st1:chsdate>) brought together by </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://cmv.customer.netspace.net.au/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Community</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#143CA0;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none"> </span></span><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Music</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#143CA0; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none"> </span></span><span style="color:#143CA0;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Victoria</span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-67138012311700304652010-04-09T18:30:00.000-07:002010-04-09T20:27:49.668-07:00Music and Brain<h1><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"">Language, Music and Brain<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20090723 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFTjfsEy27Y&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">Music, Criminal Behavior, and Crime Prevention</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFTjfsEy27Y&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFTjfsEy27Y&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="23" month="07" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">23</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">A fascinating discussion of the use of classical music by law enforcement and other cultural institutions as social control, to quell and prevent crime. Their conversation touches on how classical music is viewed in contemporary culture, how it can be a tool for discouraging criminal activity and anti-social behavior, as well as its history as a mind-altering experience.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Dr. Jacqueline Helfgott, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Seattle</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> [author of Criminal Behavior: Theories, Typologies, and Criminal Justice (2008)], and Norman Middleton, Library of Congress Music Division<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20090723 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY">The Music of Language and the Language of Music</a> (</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Aniruddh Patel)<o:p></o:p></span></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2oMvtw4aeEY</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#333333"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/2oMvtw4aeEY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/2oMvtw4aeEY&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="23" month="07" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">23</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">In our everyday lives, language and instrumental music are obviously different things. Neuroscientist and musician Ani Patel is the author of a recent, elegantly argued offering from Oxford University Press, "Music, Language and the Brain." Oliver Sacks calls Patel a "pioneer in the use of new concepts and technology to investigate the neural correlates of music." In Patel's presentation, he discusses some of the hidden connections between language and instrumental music that are being uncovered by empirical scientific studies.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">The Music and the Brain Lecture Series is a cycle of lectures and special presentations that highlight an explosion of new research in the rapidly expanding field of "neuromusic." Programming is sponsored by the Library's Music Division and its Science, Technology and Business Division, in cooperation with the Dana Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Aniruddh Patel is the Esther J. Burnham Senior Fellow in Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h3><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">20080122 </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related">Music and the Mind</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:300%; font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><object width="480" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZgKFeuzGEns&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZgKFeuzGEns&hl=zh_TW&fs=1&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="480" height="385"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/UCtelevision"><strong><span style="color: #0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">UCtelevision</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="22" month="01" year="2008" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2008</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">01</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">22</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">In this edition of "Grey Matters," Aniruddh Patel, of the Neurosciences Institute, discusses what music can teach us about the brain, and what brain science, in turn, can reveal about music. Series: "Grey Matters" [4/2006] [Science] [Show ID: 11189] <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20090727 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhnxOu1p-W0&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">From Mode to Emotion in Musical Communication</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhnxOu1p-W0&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhnxOu1p-W0&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="27" month="07" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">27</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Music employs a number of mechanisms for conveying emotion. Some of them are shared with other modes of expression (speech, gesture) while others are specific to music. The most unique way that music communicates emotion is through the use of contrastive scale types. While Westerners are familiar with the major/minor distinction, the use of contrastive scale types in world musics is universal.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Looking at the expression of emotion in both Western and non-Western musics, Brown invokes the theory of Clore and Ortony, who posit three categories of emotions 1) "outcome" emotions related to the outcomes of goal-directed actions (e.g., happiness, sadness); 2) "aesthetic" emotions related to the appraisal of the quality of objects (e.g., like, dislike); and 3) "moral" emotions related to an assessment of the agency of individuals actions (e.g., praise, scorn). While representational art-forms like theater or dance can represent all three categories, music is probably most adept at expressing "outcome" emotions, such those that sit along the happy/sad spectrum.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Speaker: Steven Brown, Director, NeuroArts Lab, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">McMaster</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">20090728 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwzUPQKesVI&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">The Mind of an Artist</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwzUPQKesVI&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwzUPQKesVI&feature=PlayList&p=6596D02DC1E30055&playnext_from=PL</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="28" month="07" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">28</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Michael Kubovy and Judith Shatin, both from the University of Virginia, discuss "The Mind of the Artist." Debate has long raged about whether and how music expresses meaning beyond its sounding notes. Kubovy and Shatin discuss evidence that music does indeed have a semantic element, and offer examples of how composers embody extra-musical elements in their compositions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Michael Kubovy is a cognitive psychologist who studies visual and auditory perception.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Judith Shatin is a composer who explores music's expressive meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20090730 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4UJhPiBE6c&feature=channel">Depression and Creativity</a> Symposium </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4UJhPiBE6c&feature=channel">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4UJhPiBE6c&feature=channel</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="30" month="07" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">07</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">30</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Kay Redfield Jamison, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and co-director of the Johns Hopkins Mood Disorders Center at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, convened a discussion of the effects of depression on creativity. Joining Jamison were two distinguished colleagues from the fields of neurology and neuropsychiatry, Dr. Terence Ketter and Dr. Peter Whybrow. The Music and the Brain series is co-sponsored by the Library's Music Division and Science, Technology and Business Division, in cooperation with the Dana Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">The "Depression and Creativity" symposium marks the bicentennial of the birth of German composer Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847), who died after a severe depression following the death of his sister, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, also a gifted composer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">One of the nation's most influential writers on creativity and the mind, Kay Redfield Jamison is a noted authority on bipolar disorder. She is the co-author of the standard medical text on manic-depressive illness and author of "Touched with Fire," "An Unquiet Mind," "Night Falls Fast" and "Exuberance: The Vital Emotion."<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Dr. Terence Ketter is known for extensive clinical work with exceptionally creative individuals and a strong interest in the relationship of creativity and madness. He is professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and chief of the Bipolar Disorders Clinic at Stanford University School of Medicine.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Dr. Peter Whybrow, an authority on depression and manic-depressive disease, is director of the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">California</st1:placename>, <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Los Angeles</st1:place></st1:city> (UCLA). He is also the Judson Braun Distinguished Professor and executive chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing:-.4pt; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">20090813 Music and the Brain: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyweM3CH-u0&feature=related">The World in Six Songs</a>: </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:300%;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;font-weight:normal"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/World-Six-Songs-Musical-Created/dp/0525950737">How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyweM3CH-u0&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyweM3CH-u0&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="13" month="08" year="2009" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">08</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">13</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Director of McGill University's Laboratory for Musical Perception, Cognition and Expertise and best-selling author of "This is Your Brain on Music," Daniel Levitin blends cutting-edge scientific findings with his own experiences as a former record producer and still-active musician.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">The Music and the Brain Lecture Series is a cycle of lectures and special presentations that highlight an explosion of new research in the rapidly expanding field of "neuromusic." Programming is sponsored by the Library's Music Division and its Science, Technology and Business Division, in cooperation with the Dana Foundation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Daniel Levitin is a cognitive psychologist, neuroscientist, record producer, musician, and writer. He is currently James McGill Professor of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience at <st1:placename st="on">McGill</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype> in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Montreal</st1:place></st1:city>. He has published scientific articles on absolute pitch, music cognition and neuroscience and is more widely known as the author of two best-selling books, "This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession" and "The World in Six Songs: How the Musical Brain Created Human Nature." He worked as a producer and sound designer on albums by Blue Oyster Cult, Chris Isaak, and Joe Satriani; as a consultant to Steely Dan and Stevie Wonder; and as a recording engineer for Santana and The Grateful Dead.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span class="long-title"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;letter-spacing: -.4pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">20091204 Music and the Brain: Wednesday is Indigo Blue: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex8UYOJtddA">How Synesthesia Speaks to Creativity</a> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex8UYOJtddA"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex8UYOJtddA">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ex8UYOJtddA</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="12" day="04" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">12</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">04</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Dr. Richard E. Cytowic, <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">George</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Washington</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Medical</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Neurologist Richard Cytowic rediscovered the involuntary joining of different senses in 1980 and returned it to the scientific mainstream. In his recent book, "Wednesday is Indigo Blue," Cytowic sums up 30 years of exploration into synesthesia's place in both science and art. Far from a mere curiosity, it is an elevated form of the perception everyone already has. Minds that function differently are not so strange after all, and everyone can learn from them. Brains are already highly cross-wired, and with <st1:chmetcnv unitname="in" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">1 in</st1:chmetcnv> 23 people having the trait, synesthesia may hold a key to human creativity.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">20090210 Capturing Sound: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18Wl6ws9Als&feature=channel">How Technology Has Changed Music</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18Wl6ws9Als&feature=channel"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18Wl6ws9Als&feature=channel">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18Wl6ws9Als&feature=channel</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/LibraryOfCongress"><strong style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">LibraryOfCongress</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="02" day="10" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">02</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">10</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">Mark Katz, a professor at the Peabody Conservatory of Music at The Johns Hopkins University, discussed his book, "Capturing Sound: How Technology Has Changed Music." The event was sponsored by the Library's <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">John</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">W.</st1:placename> <st1:placename st="on">Kluge</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Center</st1:placetype></st1:place>, the Music Division and the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division. According to Katz, who teaches in the Department of Musicology at the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Peabody</st1:place></st1:city>, there is more to sound recording than just recording sound. Not just a tool for the preservation of music, the technology is a catalyst for change. In "Capturing Sound," Katz writes a wide-ranging, informative and entertaining history of recording's profound impact on the musical life of the past century, from <st1:place st="on">Edison</st1:place> to the Internet.</span></span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2 style="line-height:17.25pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1fMJlIK8XY&feature=related">Current Trends in Music Technology</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1fMJlIK8XY&feature=related"></a></span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1fMJlIK8XY&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1fMJlIK8XY&feature=related</a> <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/remo2012"><strong style="border-style:initial; border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial; background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial;background-repeat: initial initial"><span style="color:#0033CC;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">remo2012</span></strong></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-description-username-dash"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">—</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black"> <span style="border-style: initial;border-color:initial;outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial; outline-color: initial;background-image:initial;background-attachment:initial; background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;background-position:initial initial; background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">西元</span></span><st1:chsdate year="2009" month="06" day="17" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on"><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">2009</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">年</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">06</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">月</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#999999; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">17</span></span><span class="watch-video-date"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:新細明體; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Arial; color:#999999;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt; padding:0pt">日</span></span></st1:chsdate></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black">—</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt; color:black"> <span style="border-style:initial;border-color:initial; outline-width: 0px;outline-style: initial;outline-color: initial;background-image: initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial; background-position:initial initial;background-repeat:initial initial"></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:black; border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0pt;padding:0pt">The Internet Legend, Herbert Midgley, does a short lecture and Q and A with a University of Houston class using Gmail's Video Chat.</span></span> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-69116522074000345682009-01-24T17:01:00.000-08:002009-01-24T17:03:30.083-08:00Lenneberg (1967) Resources<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Lenneberg -- Biological Foundations of Language -- 1967 <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=Lenneberg%20%2D%2D%20Biological%20Foundations%20of%20Language%20%2D%2D%201967">Google Web Search</a> :: <a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lenneberg%20%2D%2D%20Biological%20Foundations%20of%20Language%20%2D%2D%201967">Google Scholar</a> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/index.html">HOME</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Lenneberg%20%2D%2D%20Biological%20Foundations%20of%20Language%20%2D%2D%201967">Google Scholar</a> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/index.html">HOME</a> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/cited2/lennebergbiologicalfoundationsoflanguage.html">http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~amag/langev/cited2/lennebergbiologicalfoundationsoflanguage.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2008-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/locke08costAndComplexityJTB.html">Cost and complexity: Selection for speech and language</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Locke</span> Lenneberg, E.H., 1967. Biological Foundations of Language. Wiley, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2006-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/poulshock.html">Language and Morality: Evolution, Altruism and Linguistic Moral Mechanisms</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Poulshock</span> Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: John Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2005-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/fitch05languageFaculty.html">The evolution of the language faculty: Clarifications and implications</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Fitch,Hauser,Chomsky</span> Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">New York</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">NY</st1:state></st1:place>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2005-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/hudsonkam2005ruv.html">Regularizing Unpredictable Variation: The Roles of Adult and Child Learners in Language Formation and Change</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Hudson-Kam,<st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Newport</st1:place></st1:city></span> Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2005-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/nakamura05languageEquation_EELC.html">Language Change in Modified Language Dynamics Equation by Memoryless Learners</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Nakamura,Hashimoto,Tojo</span> E. H. Lenneberg. Biological Foundations of Language. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>, 1967. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2005-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/sakai05languageAcquisitionSCIENCE.html">Language Acquisition and Brain Development</a> - <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style="color:gray;">Sakai</span></st1:place></st1:city> 10. E. H. Lenneberg, Biological Foundations of Language (Wiley, New York, 1967). <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2005-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/oudeyer05phonologicalStructuresABJ.html">How Phonological Structures Can Be Culturally Selected for Learnability</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Oudeyer</span> Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2004-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/kuhl04earlyLangAcq.html">Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Kuhl</span> 134. Lenneberg, E. H. Biological Foundations of Language (Wiley, New York, 1967). <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2004-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/senghas04sciencemag.html">Children Creating Core Properties of Language: Evidence from an Emerging Sign Language in Nicaragua</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Senghas,Kita,Ozyurek</span> 21. E. Lenneberg, Biological Foundations of Language ( Wiley, New York, 1967).</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2002-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/hauser02science.html">The Faculty of Language: What Is It, Who Has It, and How Did It Evolve?</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Hauser,Chomsky,Fitch</span> 6. E. H. Lenneberg, Biological Foundations of Language (Wiley, New York, 1967). <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2002-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/perfors02simulatedEvolution.html">Simulated Evolution of Language: a Review of the Field</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Perfors</span> LENNEBERG, E. (1967) Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2002-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/lieberman02yearbook.html">On the nature and evolution of the neural bases of human language</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Lieberman</span> Lenneberg EH. 1967. Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2002-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/kirby02naturalLanguage.html">Natural Language from Artificial Life</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Kirby</span> Lenneberg, E. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2001-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/oudeyerea2001.html">Origins and Learnability of Syllable Systems: a Cultural Evolutionary Model</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Oudeyer</span> 13. Lenneberg, E. Biological foundations of language, New-york: Wiley (1967). <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2001-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/komarova01naturalSelection.html">Natural selection of the critical period for language acquisition</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Komarova,Nowak</span> Lenneberg, E. H. 1967 Biological foundations of language. NewYork: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">2000-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/perfors00simulatedEvolution.html">Simulated Evolution of Communication: The Emergence of Meaning</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Perfors</span> Lenneberg, E. (1967) Biological foundations of language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1999-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/schoenemann99syntaxAs.html">Syntax as an emergent characteristic of the evolution of semantic complexity</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Schoenemann</span> Lenneberg, E. H. (1967), Biological Foundations of Language, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1997-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/kirby97theEvolution.html">The evolution of incremental learning: language, development and critical periods</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Kirby,Hurford</span> LENNEBERG, ERIC H. 1967. Biological Foundations of Language. <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>: Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1997-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/kirby97learningCulture.html">Learning, culture and evolution in the origin of linguistic constraints</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Kirby,Hurford</span> [27] Eric H. Lenneberg. Biological Foundations of Language. Wiley, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>, 1967. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1991-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/hurford91theEvolution.html">The Evolution of the Critical Period for Language Acquisition</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Hurford</span> Lenneberg, E.H., 1967. Biological foundations of language. Wiley, <st1:state st="on"><st1:place st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:state>. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1990-<a href="http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/%7Eamag/langev/paper/pinker90naturalLanguage.html">Natural language and natural selection</a> - <span style="color:gray;">Pinker,Bloom</span> Lenneberg, E. H. (1967) Biological foundations of language. Wiley. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The name assigned to the document by the author. This field may also contain sub-titles, series names, and report numbers.</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGE. <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED015480&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED015480">http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED015480&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED015480</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Title:</span></b><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Authors:</span></b><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Personal author, compiler, or editor name(s); click on any author to run a new search on that name.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&_urlType=action&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=au&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=%22LENNEBERG+ERIC+H.%22" title="New Search for Author LENNEBERG, ERIC H.">LENNEBERG, ERIC H.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Abstract:</span></b><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">A brief narrative description of the journal article, document, or resource.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOLOGY AND LANGUAGE IS EXPLORED IN THIS VOLUME. THE AUTHOR BELIEVES THAT "LANGUAGE IS THE MANIFESTATION OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC COGNITIVE PROPENSITIES. IT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF THE BIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES THAT MAKE A HUMAN TYPE OF COGNITION POSSIBLE." IN ATTEMPTING TO "REINSTATE THE CONCEPT OF THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE CAPACITIES" THE AUTHOR FORMULATES SPECIFIC ASSUMPTIONS WHICH CAN BE SUBJECTED TO EMPIRICAL TESTS. CHAPTER TITLES ARE—<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(1) THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(2) MORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATES, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(3) SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(4) LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF GROWTH AND MATURATION, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(5) NEUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(6) LANGUAGE IN THE LIGHT OF EVOLUTION AND GENETICS, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(7) PRIMITIVE STAGES IN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(8) LANGUAGE AND COGNITION, AND <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">(9) TOWARD A BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">NOAM CHOMSKY IS THE AUTHOR OF APPENDIX A, "THE FORMAL NATURE OF LANGUAGE," AND <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">O. MARX HAS WRITTEN APPENDIX B, "THE HISTORY OF THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE." EXTENSIVE REFERENCES ARE LISTED AFTER EACH CHAPTER. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">THIS BOOK IS PUBLISHED BY JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC., <st1:address st="on"><st1:street st="on">605 THIRD AVENUE</st1:street>, <st1:city st="on">N.Y.</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">N.Y.</st1:state> <st1:postalcode st="on">10016</st1:postalcode></st1:address> ($14.95). (JD)<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Descriptors:</span></b><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="display: none;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Terms from the Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors; used to tag materials by subject to aid information search and retrieval. Click on a Descriptor to initiate any new search using that term.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Anatomy%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Anatomy"">Anatomy</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Aphasia%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Aphasia"">Aphasia</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Behavioral+Science+Research%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Behavioral Science Research"">Behavioral Science Research</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Biology%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Biology"">Biology</a>; 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<a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Linguistics%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Linguistics"">Linguistics</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Medical+Case+Histories%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Medical Case Histories"">Medical Case Histories</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Psycholinguistics%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Psycholinguistics"">Psycholinguistics</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Research%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Research"">Research</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Research+Reviews+%28Publications%29%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Research Reviews (Publications)"">Research Reviews (Publications)</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Semantics%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Semantics"">Semantics</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Speech%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Speech"">Speech</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Speech+Evaluation%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Speech Evaluation"">Speech Evaluation</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Speech+Pathology%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Speech Pathology"">Speech Pathology</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Transformational+Generative+Grammar%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Transformational Generative Grammar"">Transformational Generative Grammar</a>; <a href="http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&newSearch=true&ERICExtSearch_Descriptor=%22Verbal+Communication%22" title="New Search for Thesaurus Descriptor "Verbal Communication"">Verbal Communication</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-14975571710352811572008-11-28T06:42:00.000-08:002008-11-28T06:44:34.338-08:00Traumatic Aphasia<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">A. R. Luria (1902-1977) <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/index.htm">AREAS OF THE HUMAN CORTEX INVOLVED IN LANGUAGE</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Default.aspx">BrainInfo</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">A Synopsis of Luria's <a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/intro.html">Traumatic Aphasia</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;color:purple;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/cortical.html">CORTICAL ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS</a> </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 64);font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/auditory1.html">AUDITORY APHASIAS</a> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(128, 64, 0);font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/afferentmotor1.html">AFFERENT MOTOR APHASIAS</a> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/efferentmotor1.html">EFFERENT MOTOR APHASIAS</a> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wanprc.org/luria/semantic1.html">SEMANTIC APHASIAS</a> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-417404314765279682008-11-26T14:06:00.001-08:002008-11-26T14:07:23.829-08:00LB 023-024T 勝芬<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">LB 023-025T </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://angelivax.blogspot.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US">勝芬</span></span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">LB 023-025</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Chapter 1- V. Relationship between Form and Behavior</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">When the term learning theory is used, it is ordinarily applied to universal aspects of learning. Psychologists who concern themselves with such theories point out sometimes that there are some aspects of behavior to which the theories do not apply, as, for instance, the swallowing mechanisms in pigeons, the peculiarities of a buzzard’s flight, or the phonetic differences between meowing and barking. These phenomena are considered to be appropriate subjects for the biologist but not for the behaviorist. The distinction between biological and psychological aspects of behavior may be possible in certain instances, particularly in behavioral phenomena observed in laboratory experiments, but in many more instances there is no way of telling whether a given phenomenon ought to be explained (or investigated) in terms of psychological or biological mechanisms. We have criticized this distinction throughout this chapter, but we must add one more reason for abolishing the distinction.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:新細明體;">當我們提及「學習理論」</span><span lang="EN-US">(Learning theory) </span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">,通常講<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">得</span>是</span><span lang="EN-US">universal aspects of learning</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">學習的世界觀。心理學家涉及這些理論時,</span><span lang="EN-US">Psychologists who concern themselves with such theories</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">有時候會指出這些理論不適用於</span><span lang="EN-US">there are some aspects of behavior</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">一些動物行為當中,例如:鴿子吞嚥的機制;<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">鵟鷹</span></span><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"> </span><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-family:新細明體;" >鷲</span><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" lang="EN-US">buzzard</span><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-family:新細明體;" >鳥</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">飛行的獨特性;或是貓叫和狗吠聲韻</span><span lang="EN-US">phonetic</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">上的不同。這些現象<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">恰如其分的</span>被視為生物學家研究的</span><span lang="EN-US">appropriate subjects for the biologist but not for the behaviorist</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">課題,而非行為學家。動物行為在生理層面和心理層面的差別,或許在某些情況中能有所區別</span><span lang="EN-US">The distinction … may be possible in certain instances, particularly in behavioral phenomena observed in laboratory experiments</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">,但在</span><span lang="EN-US">many more instances</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">大部分的狀況裡,我們無法單</span><span lang="EN-US">there is no way of telling whether a given phenomenon ought to be</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">用生理結構或心理</span><span lang="EN-US">mechanisms</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">結構來解釋</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">或研究</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">某種現象。我們已經在整個章節中批評此種區別,但我們仍必須再加上一項<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">屏</span>除此種區別的理由。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">It is often thought that behavior which is executed by or is dependent upon a peculiar structure typical of a certain type of animal must therefore be biologically based. The grasping movements of an elephant are of no particular relevance to learning theory; they are said to be species-specific and biological! A corollary to this kind of reasoning is that the absence of a special structure or organ should be a criterion for the psychological nature of the behavior. Thus it has been pointed out time and again that man has evolved no special organ for speech, the implication being that we are simply making use of the organs for eating and breathing in our efforts to communicate. This is seriously offered as evidence for the arbitrary, learned, artifactual nature of language.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:新細明體;">我們通常會認為</span><span lang="EN-US">It is often thought that behavior which</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">某種特定的行為,是依賴某種特定生物的獨特構造所操控,</span><span lang="EN-US">must therefore be biologically based</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">因此和生物學脫不了干係。大象抓握的動作和學習理論沒有特別的關係,他們說這就是</span><span lang="EN-US">species-specific and biological</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">物種特性和生物本能。這種推論的必然結果,就是</span><span lang="EN-US">absence of a special structure or organ</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">特殊構造或器官應該當作</span><span lang="EN-US">a criterion for the psychological nature of the behavior</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">行為的自然心理標準。因此,人類物種</span><span lang="EN-US">it has been</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">屢次被指出,並沒有發展出特殊的器官來說話,</span><span lang="EN-US">the implication being that we are simply making use of the organs for eating and breathing in our efforts to communicate</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">這些器官只簡單被用來進食和呼吸進而努力嘗試來溝通。這種說法</span><span lang="EN-US">seriously offered as evidence for</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">的證明了語言的任意性、可學性和人造性。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The reasoning here is poor, however. The relationship between the outer form of an animal to its species-specific behavior repertoire is not always clear. So many factors influence this relationship that no canonical truths about innateness may be inferred from it.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:新細明體;">然而此理論的</span><span lang="EN-US">reasoning</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">立場相當薄弱,</span><span lang="EN-US">The relationship between</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">動物的外在形體和特定物種的</span><span lang="EN-US">behavior repertoire</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">行為表現,並沒有相對的關係</span><span lang="EN-US">is not always clear</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">,許多因素都影響著這層關係,沒有任何標準的真相</span><span lang="EN-US">no canonical truths about innateness</span><span style="font-family:新細明體;">可從中推論而得。</span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-19988724172232193942008-11-24T03:02:00.001-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.416-08:00Brain Rules<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/">Brain Rules</a> <a href="http://www.brainrules.net/"><span style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.brainrules.net/</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/exercise"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >EXERCISE | Rule #1:</span></strong> Exercise boosts brain power.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/survival"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >SURVIVAL | Rule #2:</span></strong> The human brain evolved, too.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/wiring"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >WIRING | Rule #3:</span></strong> Every brain is wired differently.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/attention"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >ATTENTION | Rule #4:</span></strong> We don't pay attention to boring things.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/short-term-memory"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >SHORT-TERM MEMORY | Rule #5:</span></strong> Repeat to remember.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/long-term-memory"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >LONG-TERM MEMORY | Rule #6:</span></strong> Remember to repeat.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/sleep"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >SLEEP | Rule #7:</span></strong> Sleep well, think well.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/stress"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >STRESS | Rule #8:</span></strong> Stressed brains don't learn the same way.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/sensory-integration"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >SENSORY INTEGRATION | Rule #9:</span></strong> Stimulate more of the senses.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/vision"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >VISION | Rule #10:</span></strong> Vision trumps all other senses.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/gender"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >GENDER | Rule #11:</span></strong> Male and female brains are different.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.brainrules.net/exploration"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;color:#000000;" >EXPLORATION | Rule #12:</span></strong> We are powerful and natural explorers.</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-81460906153055381702008-11-24T00:43:00.001-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.418-08:00Cezanne<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> (1839-1906) </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdsTYAZ15Uoz4UMUW4ab8ctSUHIFC0bV4TXREaoG22mB7y-4rb15FCtdJuCFtXcdemFXuMiCj7X3RtcbTsvQ0x7BnBojQSI8xjvIvRANjpWVWMjE5m8M1GQnk1hZhdMgfuUOurFXw71W_J/s1600-h/1875+Paul+C%C3%A9zanne+%281839-1906%29+Self+Portrait.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 337px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdsTYAZ15Uoz4UMUW4ab8ctSUHIFC0bV4TXREaoG22mB7y-4rb15FCtdJuCFtXcdemFXuMiCj7X3RtcbTsvQ0x7BnBojQSI8xjvIvRANjpWVWMjE5m8M1GQnk1hZhdMgfuUOurFXw71W_J/s400/1875+Paul+C%C3%A9zanne+%281839-1906%29+Self+Portrait.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272142394013774370" border="0" /></a></p><p><b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Paul Cézanne</span></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (IPA: <span class="ipa"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" title="Wikipedia:IPA"><span title="Pronunciation in IPA">[p<span style=";font-family:";" >ɔ</span>l se'zan]</span></a></span></span>; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Impressionist" title="Post-Impressionist">Post-Impressionist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a> whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th century <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>. The line attributed to both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matisse" title="Matisse">Matisse</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> that Cézanne "is the father of us all" cannot be easily dismissed.<o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Cézanne's work demonstrates a mastery of design, colour, composition and draftsmanship. His often repetitive, sensitive and exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields, at once both a direct expression of the sensations of the observing eye and an abstraction from observed nature. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects, a searching gaze and a dogged struggle to deal with the complexity of human visual perception.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span class="note"><i><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rideau,_Cruchon_et_Compotier" title="Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier">Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier</a></span></i></span><span class="note"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">, </span></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >簾子、罐子、盤子</span><span class="note"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1893-94 </span></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZXQwDHFuE5m6SDrnQmrHaO2ox1Oh9il_AM2iUaRZr-NlRhgrNyFlfYVkVzGqOiuPamGPS8JTvJEz_6qbuOxcBNhravzoX1fRqZV2bSXGYe9SQOs6lh8ZzYNID2v2JRUCrQkNvKipYQTY/s1600-h/1894+Rideau,+Cruchon+et+Compotier+Paul+C%C3%A9zanne.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 279px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhZXQwDHFuE5m6SDrnQmrHaO2ox1Oh9il_AM2iUaRZr-NlRhgrNyFlfYVkVzGqOiuPamGPS8JTvJEz_6qbuOxcBNhravzoX1fRqZV2bSXGYe9SQOs6lh8ZzYNID2v2JRUCrQkNvKipYQTY/s400/1894+Rideau,+Cruchon+et+Compotier+Paul+C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272142313259694978" border="0" /></a></p><p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$60.5 - $78.3 Million <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> created in about 1893 to 1894 by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a> – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>). It is considered the most expensive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still life</a> ever sold at an auction.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Cézanne was famous for drawing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_lifes" title="Still lifes">still lifes</a>, especially those which expressed complex emotions while still being based upon <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a>. These type of paintings would eventually lead up to the creation of new art styles during the 20th century such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubism</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-55123320794936840562008-11-23T14:15:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.419-08:00Elephant Art
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<br /></span></h2><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBq7vtq5ZItqS7ITMJqSagMujoOWVeroLljI9o_bEEMqHHV1PB56fGZtXjlPipPrMkOAaLD66KdALXQtb9o2zGKZR1b9ulaMOHKDkCPeEZpfOWXFrSyENB4B5i1DmIbzeOLx-fieu9z2G-/s1600-h/03+Nom+Chok+18x24+CV001.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBq7vtq5ZItqS7ITMJqSagMujoOWVeroLljI9o_bEEMqHHV1PB56fGZtXjlPipPrMkOAaLD66KdALXQtb9o2zGKZR1b9ulaMOHKDkCPeEZpfOWXFrSyENB4B5i1DmIbzeOLx-fieu9z2G-/s400/03+Nom+Chok+18x24+CV001.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271983814128064930" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.elephantart.com/catalog/homepage.php">The Asian Elephant Art & Conservation Project</a></span></h3><h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh5xT75rcFSYJ9LDwjmtOvj30S-6iUXAwAaIp6t8AMRyo9RreV51y7ZlmLWz9Eemie6NjgTw36sNE6MveCk9q6mes7787xppWeMIB4BsocZLEnVv4kU0_kUzLNiw207vazELJpeZpIIJPz/s1600-h/03+Nungning+004+new.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh5xT75rcFSYJ9LDwjmtOvj30S-6iUXAwAaIp6t8AMRyo9RreV51y7ZlmLWz9Eemie6NjgTw36sNE6MveCk9q6mes7787xppWeMIB4BsocZLEnVv4kU0_kUzLNiw207vazELJpeZpIIJPz/s400/03+Nungning+004+new.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271983369875022530" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=PHiMz1v2vyE&feature=related" title="Elephant Painting Self Portrait">Elephant Painting Self Portrait</a> <st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="6" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">6’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv unitname="”" sourcevalue="46" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">46”</st1:chmetcnv></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI4TLomIj7b96vY9SmruGyYZvbJYv7NhalML6VPpYmI46Tzgg8Y2u-oXdXo0dRR4NjKASW7aWe8t0mzsFy9MIPdKMNLp0_j-uLF61ES_ezlZp4WB-tyO6OyKApXFmcjG_snojThI9et2i/s1600-h/01+Elephantpainting+elephant1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI4TLomIj7b96vY9SmruGyYZvbJYv7NhalML6VPpYmI46Tzgg8Y2u-oXdXo0dRR4NjKASW7aWe8t0mzsFy9MIPdKMNLp0_j-uLF61ES_ezlZp4WB-tyO6OyKApXFmcjG_snojThI9et2i/s400/01+Elephantpainting+elephant1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271982112883381906" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/SNogdpHeuiE&hl=zh_TW&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/SNogdpHeuiE&hl=zh_TW&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oU-uegsu6Js" target="_top">Elephant Art</a> <st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="3" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">3’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv unitname="”" sourcevalue="11" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">11”</st1:chmetcnv></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaBk77cHzwdU8OhLgHRDvvHcqf7pjRA4hxQQHZdCBXZu0tR1HXCBKnHTXoQPwfTW6qGdX1FU1Aa3cDA8Gs6eyNJ2EajCUNSPfWpcZseAdp7pHGG8J-wS6zOfPS3KNeebIf32HHtQ3GyLwM/s1600-h/02+Renee+Mural+002+9Hx10W+B.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 357px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaBk77cHzwdU8OhLgHRDvvHcqf7pjRA4hxQQHZdCBXZu0tR1HXCBKnHTXoQPwfTW6qGdX1FU1Aa3cDA8Gs6eyNJ2EajCUNSPfWpcZseAdp7pHGG8J-wS6zOfPS3KNeebIf32HHtQ3GyLwM/s400/02+Renee+Mural+002+9Hx10W+B.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271981981908707922" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oU-uegsu6Js&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/oU-uegsu6Js&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=He7Ge7Sogrk" target="_top">ORIGINAL Elephant Painting</a> <st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="8" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">8’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv unitname="”" sourcevalue="28" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">28”</st1:chmetcnv></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW_ReCuVfQmbiWZxwKuV8AMrSg87XygYmA_myX5eEDkzDXojrngZPqXRLYfLYzycDfJ7cZKYls8jGz1jewIvhWkHbipXkvXtPADj41mIUvd0lEk3jbA8SRQd7y9CgH7rQfLTun6OWqejbO/s1600-h/03+Hong+043.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW_ReCuVfQmbiWZxwKuV8AMrSg87XygYmA_myX5eEDkzDXojrngZPqXRLYfLYzycDfJ7cZKYls8jGz1jewIvhWkHbipXkvXtPADj41mIUvd0lEk3jbA8SRQd7y9CgH7rQfLTun6OWqejbO/s400/03+Hong+043.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271981782263211250" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/He7Ge7Sogrk&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/He7Ge7Sogrk&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOZubE_IpiM" target="_top">Elephant Art, Chiang Mai, Thailand</a> <st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="4" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">4’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv unitname="”" sourcevalue="55" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">55”</st1:chmetcnv></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtmNVlDUE9KU_-IedV5bh4EANcpFdQFUI6t-PaYq5C6jZRArxbNYJOcyCKYg4nC07kw9wk6i0135b90UId28OrInyRTrgHUe1rzCe7pSjgkhVwJ5-Zm8ZmgPd9H28GcMFho4kVv19i81KX/s1600-h/04+Khamtool+010.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtmNVlDUE9KU_-IedV5bh4EANcpFdQFUI6t-PaYq5C6jZRArxbNYJOcyCKYg4nC07kw9wk6i0135b90UId28OrInyRTrgHUe1rzCe7pSjgkhVwJ5-Zm8ZmgPd9H28GcMFho4kVv19i81KX/s400/04+Khamtool+010.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271981042008859314" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/JOZubE_IpiM&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/JOZubE_IpiM&color1=0xb1b1b1&color2=0xcfcfcf&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-39766664374539567622008-11-23T13:40:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.420-08:00Van Gogh<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="chmetcnv" downloadurl=""></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh"><span style="" lang="NL">Vincent van Gogh</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="NL">(1853-1890) <o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet" title="Portrait of Dr. Gachet"><span style="" lang="NL">Portrait of Dr. Gachet</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="NL">(1890) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8tSHZhs31MBeY77AEik4rsPsa1EUCUF6SpOruQx-vYqBTFPhZqBisg0oy982uYmSid70928nAGhalL1cdaJAlErbq9RzwsyZV6EP7Jh0s0qQHVSO_JuFj3q4GDthDzhbIsi_Jc0bfLse/s1600-h/1890+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+of+Dr.+Gachet.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 334px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX8tSHZhs31MBeY77AEik4rsPsa1EUCUF6SpOruQx-vYqBTFPhZqBisg0oy982uYmSid70928nAGhalL1cdaJAlErbq9RzwsyZV6EP7Jh0s0qQHVSO_JuFj3q4GDthDzhbIsi_Jc0bfLse/s400/1890+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+of+Dr.+Gachet.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271975837408023330" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$82.5 - $136.1 Million</span><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Portrait of Dr. Gachet</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is one of the most revered paintings by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> artist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> and fetched a record price of $82.5 million ($75 million, plus a 10 percent buyer's commission)<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup> in 1990.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHBegMteDlhV6IDbUffLRjuq6OFzKQddjs7k15izGrODbj7QUm-zJc1QpL9Cbn_qZ8bsLNDIciiI4fwIdZVwfmobFvFBMCbp8F9MR2c68ZcCP66Gk9S5LmM1_OwyZuVdrjnXbZWOJ5gw1Q/s1600-h/1890+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+of+Dr.+Gachet+%282nd+version%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 334px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHBegMteDlhV6IDbUffLRjuq6OFzKQddjs7k15izGrODbj7QUm-zJc1QpL9Cbn_qZ8bsLNDIciiI4fwIdZVwfmobFvFBMCbp8F9MR2c68ZcCP66Gk9S5LmM1_OwyZuVdrjnXbZWOJ5gw1Q/s400/1890+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+of+Dr.+Gachet+%282nd+version%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271975639719912498" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">There are two authentic versions of this portrait, both painted in June 1890 during the last months of Van Gogh's life. Both show Doctor Gachet sitting at a table and leaning his head onto his right arm, but they are easily differentiated.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The portraits were painted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auvers-sur-Oise" title="Auvers-sur-Oise">Auvers-sur-Oise</a> close to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and depict Doctor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gachet" title="Paul Gachet">Paul Gachet</a> with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxglove" title="Foxglove">foxglove</a> (<span class="mention-latn"><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Fingerhut" title="Fingerhut">Fingerhut</a> </span><a href="http://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%87%E9%A1%B6%E8%8A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" title="指顶花 (尚未撰写)"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US">指顶花</span></span></a> <i><a href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Digitalis" title="Digitalis">Digitalis</a> </i><a href="http://zh.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%BB%84&action=edit&redlink=1" title="洋地黄 (尚未撰写)"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US">洋地黄</span></span></a>) plant. Gachet took care of Van Gogh during the artist's last months. Gachet was a hobby painter and became good friends with Van Gogh. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxglove" title="Foxglove">foxglove</a> in the painting is a plant from which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis" title="Digitalis">digitalis</a> is extracted for the treatment of certain heart complaints; the foxglove is thereby an attribute of Gachet as a doctor. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Ah! portraiture, portraiture with the thought, the soul of the model in it, that is what I think must come."<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Dr._Gachet#cite_note-2" title="">[3]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Van Gogh wrote to his brother in 1890 about the painting:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: rgb(178, 183, 242);font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">”I've done the portrait of M. Gachet with a melancholy expression, which might well seem like a grimace to those who see it... Sad but gentle, yet clear and intelligent, that is how many portraits ought to be done... There are modern heads that may be looked at for a long time, and that may perhaps be looked back on with longing a hundred years later.<span style=""> </span>“<b><span style="color: rgb(178, 183, 242);"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irises_%28painting%29" title="Irises (painting)">Irises</a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >鳶尾</span><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >花</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" > <span lang="EN-US">1889 </span></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipXS9XabTU7Y-BetJfk4bvuXEHeY6hcEsolUTsJ7njUPkMmQ5zxp9VHtrIN7QBKC_xT3nfQXUBnPHNGdSg4n7SEB4X7z4W_BvvuBEGkerHJYHp-StEnnlPieD3CcP9C1XfSJQWv2vKJip2/s1600-h/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Irises2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 316px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipXS9XabTU7Y-BetJfk4bvuXEHeY6hcEsolUTsJ7njUPkMmQ5zxp9VHtrIN7QBKC_xT3nfQXUBnPHNGdSg4n7SEB4X7z4W_BvvuBEGkerHJYHp-StEnnlPieD3CcP9C1XfSJQWv2vKJip2/s400/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Irises2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271975460598491698" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$53.9 - $102.3 Million</span><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Irises</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> artist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. It was one of his first works while he was at the asylum at Saint Paul-de-Mausole in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-de-Provence" title="Saint-Rémy-de-Provence">Saint-Rémy-de-Provence</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in the last year before his death in 1890.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">It was painted before his first attack at the asylum. There is a lack of the high tension which is seen in his later works. He called the painting "the lightning conductor for my illness", because he felt that he could keep himself from going insane by continuing to paint.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The painting was influenced by Japanese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e" title="Ukiyo-e">ukiyo-e</a> <a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B5%B5"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US">浮世絵</span></span></a><span style=""> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodblock_printing" title="Woodblock printing">woodblock prints</a> (<b><a href="http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:標楷體;"><span lang="EN-US">木版印刷</span></span></a></b></span><span style=";font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >(もくはんいんさつ)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">), like many of his works and those by other artists of the time. The similarities occur with strong outlines, unusual angles, including close-up views and also flattish local colour (not modelled according to the fall of light).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portraits_by_Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Self-Portraits by Vincent van Gogh"><span style="" lang="FR">Portrait de l'artiste sans barbe</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">1889 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdf6cDALbedGia-qDCZfRSL4lEZmHEcaWEbjiguLr7t3-ouHTpcCIJv22c14VUzP_UiBeUVvSgm0dmSlHnD0MFA5MOXQps2MV1ScZ681Nhl5NwMwBeRLGJicH1IHCgrnWWTiwI7npEQfd/s1600-h/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+de+l%27artiste+sans+barbe.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 319px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOdf6cDALbedGia-qDCZfRSL4lEZmHEcaWEbjiguLr7t3-ouHTpcCIJv22c14VUzP_UiBeUVvSgm0dmSlHnD0MFA5MOXQps2MV1ScZ681Nhl5NwMwBeRLGJicH1IHCgrnWWTiwI7npEQfd/s400/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Portrait+de+l%27artiste+sans+barbe.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271974020617356754" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$71.5 –$94.6 Million </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Van Gogh painted <i>Self-Portrait without beard</i> just after he had shaved himself. The self-portrait is one of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">most expensive paintings</a> of all time, selling for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$71.5 million</span> in <st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="1998" unitname="in" st="on">1998 in</st1:chmetcnv> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. At the time, it was the third (or an inflation-adjusted fourth) most expensive painting ever sold. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> created many <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-portrait" title="Self-portrait">self-portraits</a> during his lifetime. Most probably, Van Gogh's self portraits are depicting the face as it appeared in the mirror he used to reproduce his face, i.e. his right side in the image is in reality the left side of his face. All Self-Portraits executed in Saint-Rémy show the artist's head from the left, i.e. the side with ear not mutilated. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Wheatfield_with_Cypresses&action=edit&redlink=1" title="A Wheatfield with Cypresses (page does not exist)"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </a></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Wheatfield_with_Cypresses&action=edit&redlink=1" title="A Wheatfield with Cypresses (page does not exist)">A Wheatfield with Cypresses</a> 1889 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >《</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >麥田</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >裡的絲柏樹》</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSokfdM6deNyOW1o9yl8EsoN0UNfHJO-43p98e_LPiP-FiMEBP7WUcT-Xik-iOpc25VcOW-9P9Gyan1XJ_qkD9aZzWiXa6cfCSB5kN_tiapSIIhI_Rqgz_vBRTBR_3mxRY7LvQt4IRS9YM/s1600-h/1889+Van+Gogh+-+A+Wheatfield+with+Cypresses+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 315px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSokfdM6deNyOW1o9yl8EsoN0UNfHJO-43p98e_LPiP-FiMEBP7WUcT-Xik-iOpc25VcOW-9P9Gyan1XJ_qkD9aZzWiXa6cfCSB5kN_tiapSIIhI_Rqgz_vBRTBR_3mxRY7LvQt4IRS9YM/s400/1889+Van+Gogh+-+A+Wheatfield+with+Cypresses+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271973866087475202" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$57 - $85.1 Million </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflowers_%28series_of_paintings%29" title="Sunflowers (series of paintings)">Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers</a> 1888<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNgYFbdLOQIMFc1rtr3pewd2-2T-bfgkC9xbLVnbfVaMxBfalYcI0WTzKV-BLEufIbiC07LOtB5cn-XNtZVGulmtEzI01uUgOcYIQ-tLQB4oCDe7iKS_CGBF-Mdz5rtPI-OxWtkG93E3f/s1600-h/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Vase+with+Fifteen+Sunflowers+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 310px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLNgYFbdLOQIMFc1rtr3pewd2-2T-bfgkC9xbLVnbfVaMxBfalYcI0WTzKV-BLEufIbiC07LOtB5cn-XNtZVGulmtEzI01uUgOcYIQ-tLQB4oCDe7iKS_CGBF-Mdz5rtPI-OxWtkG93E3f/s400/1889+Van+Gogh+-+Vase+with+Fifteen+Sunflowers+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271973607477907586" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$39.7 - $75.4 Million <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Sunflowers</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (original title, in French, <b>Tournesols</b>) are the subject of a series of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">still life</a> paintings executed in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> on canvas by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> painter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. Among the <i>Sunflowers</i> paintings are three similar paintings with fifteen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower" title="Sunflower">sunflowers</a> in a vase, and two similar paintings with twelve sunflowers in a vase. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Van Gogh began painting in late summer 1888 and continued into the following year. One went to decorate his friend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>'s bedroom. The paintings show sunflowers in all stages of life, from fully in bloom to withering. The paintings were innovative for their use of the yellow spectrum, partly because newly invented <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigments</a> made new colours possible. In a letter to his brother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_%28art_dealer%29" title="Theo van Gogh (art dealer)">Theo</a>, van Gogh wrote: <i>the sunflower is mine in a way</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.vggallery.com/misc/sunflowers.htm" title="http://www.vggallery.com/misc/sunflowers.htm">Sunflowers</a>, the complete series of paintings.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://vangoghgallery.com/painting/sunflowerindex.html" title="http://vangoghgallery.com/painting/sunflowerindex.html">Analysis</a> of two sunflower paintings.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.maineantiquedigest.com/articles/vang0898.htm" title="http://www.maineantiquedigest.com/articles/vang0898.htm">Account of the controversy over van Gogh forgeries</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/zoomable-paintings/vincent-van-gogh/index2.htm" title="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/zoomable-paintings/vincent-van-gogh/index2.htm">Sunflowers - Zoomable version</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/vincent-van-gogh/gallery/index.htm" title="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/vincent-van-gogh/gallery/index.htm">Van Gogh - Paintings</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasant_Woman_Against_a_Background_of_Wheat" title="Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat">Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat</a> 1890 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxAfbBkwq54wbMkhpvTyerwmVuT3zwcF3ebXvZlxexMHzWO6o-3AM0ooRO-NpiYd5nNky3_GcJ4EPzRMCPVtu8X5_Eroaj3WQyVKY8rZqRwkUJxn8nNf_HruruGSTOcdfNu_x9TJxJNw6s/s1600-h/1890+Peasant+Woman+Against+a+Background+of+Wheat+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 315px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxAfbBkwq54wbMkhpvTyerwmVuT3zwcF3ebXvZlxexMHzWO6o-3AM0ooRO-NpiYd5nNky3_GcJ4EPzRMCPVtu8X5_Eroaj3WQyVKY8rZqRwkUJxn8nNf_HruruGSTOcdfNu_x9TJxJNw6s/s400/1890+Peasant+Woman+Against+a+Background+of+Wheat+%28Van+Gogh%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271973436834780834" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$47.5 - $63.8 Million </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is an 1890 painting by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>. On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, it was announced that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wynn" title="Stephen Wynn">Stephen Wynn</a> had sold the painting along with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauguin" title="Gauguin">Gauguin</a>'s <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bathers" title="The Bathers">Bathers</a></i> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_A._Cohen" title="Steven A. Cohen">Steven A. Cohen</a> for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$100 million</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-30198127383602074492008-11-23T06:26:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.422-08:00Les femmes de Picasso<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="Edit-Time-Data" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso"><!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PersonName"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Women in Picasso’s Life and Art<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://anitanosupermercado.vox.com/library/post/les-femmes-de-pablo-picasso-the-women-of-pablo-picasso-1881-1973.html" title="View post detail">Les femmes de Pablo Picasso - The women of Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1904-1912 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Fernande </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Olivier (1881-1966)
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Axp7XWoDYSof6V2KBJ4rZdkflNw251Ebcsw8rixMUh6OWUTW7uuCcYfDAxCH1gEVsz1AWR7w3b4AtVnVxMZ8Qqf-WpwL_GEs4774-RGSVi0VrQ9gljf3nmj5f_-BQyzuZtxaj3eV3SWf/s1600-h/1904-1912+Fernande+Olivier+%281881-1966%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Axp7XWoDYSof6V2KBJ4rZdkflNw251Ebcsw8rixMUh6OWUTW7uuCcYfDAxCH1gEVsz1AWR7w3b4AtVnVxMZ8Qqf-WpwL_GEs4774-RGSVi0VrQ9gljf3nmj5f_-BQyzuZtxaj3eV3SWf/s400/1904-1912+Fernande+Olivier+%281881-1966%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271869447757033922" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqJKbndDjBRXl89LWWde9AfHUraDSHYlSO5UR3XU_zHqZbI1uzFW2Rc99lhtLOHVhA835MmXadonOYUXBkWzTz9ZFKph-fMK3FiIWzwIeqVV-z_68iBqsrIdUwdyf0dyNb8WAGQoxaX4c_/s1600-h/1905+Woman+with+Fan.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqJKbndDjBRXl89LWWde9AfHUraDSHYlSO5UR3XU_zHqZbI1uzFW2Rc99lhtLOHVhA835MmXadonOYUXBkWzTz9ZFKph-fMK3FiIWzwIeqVV-z_68iBqsrIdUwdyf0dyNb8WAGQoxaX4c_/s400/1905+Woman+with+Fan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271869364081927074" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Artist model <b>Fernande </b>Olivier (1881-1966) was Picasso's first long term relation and subject of many of Picasso's Rose Period paintings (1905-07). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1912-1915 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Marcelle Humbert (</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Eva</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> Gouel 1885-1915) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Fernande left Picasso in 1912, months after Picasso took an interest in Marcelle Humbert, known as <b>Eva</b> Gouel (1885-1915).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq7Yfq2z4pFd1lJ1nYBKaYTS4X4H7VMrgGE4DoQGmmLE1aMczP7a0nSEUVN8VmYmk_sgy2Z-1NSFaqCdaKdiupwx_WAT5m_jwsSmXok3yRzgVaWxKlm-5P2XsOydBgnA59C0A0NPG7NGYi/s1600-h/1912-1915+Eva+Gouel+%281885-1915%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 217px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq7Yfq2z4pFd1lJ1nYBKaYTS4X4H7VMrgGE4DoQGmmLE1aMczP7a0nSEUVN8VmYmk_sgy2Z-1NSFaqCdaKdiupwx_WAT5m_jwsSmXok3yRzgVaWxKlm-5P2XsOydBgnA59C0A0NPG7NGYi/s400/1912-1915+Eva+Gouel+%281885-1915%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271869135979836562" border="0" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvmclcF38-zpjoyPpbYB99Qusjx6CyXlodKh0DyBw8yaEBMxM-66f5SFI5ceTehiaaupr9ZkfjqTOHI652HvyRzPWQHPH3LwAgCMchwtRv5ZFPs_DkowTyztM97ZWbghyphenhyphenlzIbGqqqFHnP/s1600-h/1912-1915+Eva+Gouel+%281885-1915%29+02.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 196px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvvmclcF38-zpjoyPpbYB99Qusjx6CyXlodKh0DyBw8yaEBMxM-66f5SFI5ceTehiaaupr9ZkfjqTOHI652HvyRzPWQHPH3LwAgCMchwtRv5ZFPs_DkowTyztM97ZWbghyphenhyphenlzIbGqqqFHnP/s400/1912-1915+Eva+Gouel+%281885-1915%29+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271869071027581458" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Picasso was devastated by her early <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">death due to tuberculosis or cancer in 1915</span>. Picasso professed his love to Eva by painting "I Love Eva" in some of his paintings. Still, during Eva's sickness Picasso managed a relationship with Gaby Lespinasse. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1917-1927 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Olga</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Khokhlova (1891-1955) First Wife</span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7utvy-Zt-WHWebp0pDyiPonCwfBi_ub6qEqg1rNkGKzArqX1JuoObI3kF19XrLpyBLgE7aYKXB8E5TzymezzUqGcm2JMW-anznxlvRIRGORrCMCP1wfNuUFGkmoEeJ36jz2lcQVjeiL0/s1600-h/1917-1927+ballerina+Olga+Khokhlova+%281891-1955%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 277px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7utvy-Zt-WHWebp0pDyiPonCwfBi_ub6qEqg1rNkGKzArqX1JuoObI3kF19XrLpyBLgE7aYKXB8E5TzymezzUqGcm2JMW-anznxlvRIRGORrCMCP1wfNuUFGkmoEeJ36jz2lcQVjeiL0/s400/1917-1927+ballerina+Olga+Khokhlova+%281891-1955%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271868870394648674" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijgINt_QAHcn03Qm5A7rKQrY5tT1Xaj_dyZI3_u6jlz37MBNyXSm96sEov0zs5p7YEstGMSdJGEgPwc88YAVonkqPZcV3mE9dzuHCLZiu17GmqoxvFc_mPLCRYHjcTrXwUDnelSEs_5S_R/s1600-h/1917-1927+ballerina+Olga+Khokhlova+%281891-1955%29+02.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 286px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijgINt_QAHcn03Qm5A7rKQrY5tT1Xaj_dyZI3_u6jlz37MBNyXSm96sEov0zs5p7YEstGMSdJGEgPwc88YAVonkqPZcV3mE9dzuHCLZiu17GmqoxvFc_mPLCRYHjcTrXwUDnelSEs_5S_R/s400/1917-1927+ballerina+Olga+Khokhlova+%281891-1955%29+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271868800733859602" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1917 ballerina <b><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Olga</span> </b>Khokhlova (1891-1955) met Picasso while the artist was designing the ballet "Parade" in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Rome</st1:city></st1:place>, to be performed by the Ballet Russe. They <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">married in the Russian Orthodox church in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Paris</st1:city></st1:place> in 1918</span> and lived a life of conflict. She was of high society and enjoyed formal events while Picasso was more bohemian in his interests and pursuits. Their <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">son <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Paulo (Paul)</span></b> was born in 1921</span> (and died in 1975), influencing Picasso's imagery to turn to mother and child themes. Paul's three children are Pablito (1949-1973), Marina (born in 1951), and Bernard (1959). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1927-1936 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Marie-Thérèse</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> Walter (1909-1977)
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEide1TROISdCAkKCjlUujpYjX_OZY1creZij_v9YFdcjYyhKxMKQslIhEGP-MUEMmBdYzUusp1P_6b1HsixJzG4jUX0oP8dF6pk9fZC1CRKh9LRRSrmpRxG18hdNtE7muqUcsw_3fwOl1Gq/s1600-h/1927-1936+Le-reve-1932.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 290px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEide1TROISdCAkKCjlUujpYjX_OZY1creZij_v9YFdcjYyhKxMKQslIhEGP-MUEMmBdYzUusp1P_6b1HsixJzG4jUX0oP8dF6pk9fZC1CRKh9LRRSrmpRxG18hdNtE7muqUcsw_3fwOl1Gq/s400/1927-1936+Le-reve-1932.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271868119607856578" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCGXiCzUK-wfqDD1YQ6O5Lxll5BA6CjwilFvhWxi108YSq0I2Ju_Rrc8MybJk1JjPuGTCwOFKKRxvboknxlfWI4fZUsyeAgdbjDvXUq1EEIiDpWo4XemsA8_Lc6Cmgd7PX7x-W-rha7DNA/s1600-h/1927-1936+Nude+in+a+Black+Armchair.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 316px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCGXiCzUK-wfqDD1YQ6O5Lxll5BA6CjwilFvhWxi108YSq0I2Ju_Rrc8MybJk1JjPuGTCwOFKKRxvboknxlfWI4fZUsyeAgdbjDvXUq1EEIiDpWo4XemsA8_Lc6Cmgd7PX7x-W-rha7DNA/s400/1927-1936+Nude+in+a+Black+Armchair.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271868040924262258" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1927 Picasso met <b>Marie-Thérèse</b> Walter (1909-1977), a 17 year old who Picasso then lived with in a flat across the street from his marital home (while still married to Olga). Marie-Thérèse and Picasso had a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">daughter, <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Maya</span></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"> <b>(Maria de <st1:personname productid="la Concepcion" st="on">la Concepcion</st1:personname>)</b></span> on October 5, 1935</span>. (Picasso and Olga later separated although they remained married so Olga would not receive half of Picasso's wealth -- until she died in 1955. ) Picasso's relation with Marie was kept from Olga until Olga was told of Marie's pregnancy. Marie understandably became jealous when Picasso started to fall in love with Dora Maar in 1936, a year after Maya was born. It was Marie-Thérèse who was the inspiration for many of Picasso's famous <a href="http://www.sapergalleries.com/PicassoVollardDetail148.html">Vollard Suite<span style="text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" spt="75" preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:formulas> <v:path extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" connecttype="rect"> <o:lock ext="edit" aspectratio="t"> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="snap_com_shot_link_icon" spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sapergalleries.com/PicassoVollardDetail148.html" style="'width:.75pt;" button="t"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Goethe\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" href="http://i.ixnp.com/images/v3.57/t.gif"> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style=""><img src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/Goethe/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" style="border-style: none; border-width: 0pt; margin: 0pt; padding: 1px 0pt 0pt; max-height: 2000px; max-width: 2000px; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; background-color: transparent; background-image: url(http://i.ixnp.com/images/v3.57/theme/silver/palette.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "trebuchet ms",arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; height: 12px; left: auto; line-height: normal; position: static; text-decoration: none; top: auto; vertical-align: top; visibility: visible; width: 14px;" class="snap_preview_icon" shapes="snap_com_shot_link_icon" width="1" border="0" height="1" /></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><span style=""> </span>etchings. Marie-Thérèse died by hanging herself in 1977, four years after Picasso died. Maya's son, Olivier Widmaier wrote "Picasso: The Real Family Story" about his artist grandfather, in 2004. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1936-1944 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Dora Maar</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://febrerillloco.blogia.com/2007/091701-henriette-theodora-markovich-dora-maar-1907-1997-.php">Henriette Théodora Markovich</a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> 1907 -1997)
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJAbp-FFhqeUgpr_jjg_nl2cA49KDzgEy4-3CHH-mJBifYimhW0Qf29T4eiwBRN-c0L2vQlo43idepO2AatGZRSO5s66ysdy9eChLpK0mJRik6Kkk9sE4LLiCBEi7NNQF8WTbmiQwvIwRI/s1600-h/1936-1944+Dora_Maar+%281907-1997%29+1935.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 263px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJAbp-FFhqeUgpr_jjg_nl2cA49KDzgEy4-3CHH-mJBifYimhW0Qf29T4eiwBRN-c0L2vQlo43idepO2AatGZRSO5s66ysdy9eChLpK0mJRik6Kkk9sE4LLiCBEi7NNQF8WTbmiQwvIwRI/s400/1936-1944+Dora_Maar+%281907-1997%29+1935.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271867535203168402" border="0" /></a>
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz4VoT3sIc-IWkM1bMivhB1Yp40KslbFSJZ3vwgdltZ4wRaSDKhJ7V-Jwq9PHbegnv1lOAYalWwAzJsVwdUIL7qo6xmOvU_iUVuhxIOkfDMqGuPOKiV4H4I16492d1On9dNMTyDXU-gpo7/s1600-h/1936-1944+Dora_Maar_Au_Chat.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 293px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz4VoT3sIc-IWkM1bMivhB1Yp40KslbFSJZ3vwgdltZ4wRaSDKhJ7V-Jwq9PHbegnv1lOAYalWwAzJsVwdUIL7qo6xmOvU_iUVuhxIOkfDMqGuPOKiV4H4I16492d1On9dNMTyDXU-gpo7/s400/1936-1944+Dora_Maar_Au_Chat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271867356879827602" border="0" /></a>
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEGpUHRB3YWmtUeuK8UKVKNs3rCgySsMw32gjxLJ52cxSahyphenhyphenDP9I11k0y0C5VX3BgztgoiJywYKKEneZK1PQBuj8jmOGMN0VzjzJIJ-Q687SRkKWYZY9_zWT8ITs9MFjnIKGZvPmqN_fVM/s1600-h/1937+Dora+Maar+Weeping+Woman+by+Pablo+Picasso.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 328px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEGpUHRB3YWmtUeuK8UKVKNs3rCgySsMw32gjxLJ52cxSahyphenhyphenDP9I11k0y0C5VX3BgztgoiJywYKKEneZK1PQBuj8jmOGMN0VzjzJIJ-Q687SRkKWYZY9_zWT8ITs9MFjnIKGZvPmqN_fVM/s400/1937+Dora+Maar+Weeping+Woman+by+Pablo+Picasso.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271867214404679026" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1FU79hWH9VerrgM36XL04szj8bT-qRM_kdNHMYEgfHqkYkKAlBrLJI2y61Mrmc02zhbEV3ivREFS-f1Gah2W85mA2VMqzB6Sjg9L4EOB1p3i1DwAO6woVPEkEzzcFZhRoZ_5-pp2Cc9rM/s1600-h/1938+Femme+assise+dans+un+jardin-1938.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 294px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1FU79hWH9VerrgM36XL04szj8bT-qRM_kdNHMYEgfHqkYkKAlBrLJI2y61Mrmc02zhbEV3ivREFS-f1Gah2W85mA2VMqzB6Sjg9L4EOB1p3i1DwAO6woVPEkEzzcFZhRoZ_5-pp2Cc9rM/s400/1938+Femme+assise+dans+un+jardin-1938.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271867097106592626" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1936 54-year old Picasso met Yugoslavian <b>Dora Maar</b> (1907 -1997), the photographer who documented Picasso's painting of Guernica, the 1937 painting of Picasso's depiction of the German's having bombed the Basque city of Guernica, Spain during the Spanish Civil War. She became Picasso's constant companion and lover from 1936 through April, 1944. Maar went back to painting and exhibited in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Paris</st1:city></st1:place> soon after Picasso left her for Françoise. Picasso referred to Dora as his "private muse". In later years she became a recluse, dying poor and alone.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1943-1953 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Françoise Gilot</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (1921-)</span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHkfBlKk0t5FRlHUK0guUbRX6x5Av7BEs2brYVbLK4Ukjvcp8_rnHLghcdhKHRXrKULyaa6Bp1lxo1tYmlLzcNULZA4eKajrLy8AeRo1IobLOX7kZ0Y-XqQXiAEA_JLBAkAQuYB8NmxDD/s1600-h/1943-1953+Fran%C3%A7oise+Gilot+%28born+in+1921%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 191px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitHkfBlKk0t5FRlHUK0guUbRX6x5Av7BEs2brYVbLK4Ukjvcp8_rnHLghcdhKHRXrKULyaa6Bp1lxo1tYmlLzcNULZA4eKajrLy8AeRo1IobLOX7kZ0Y-XqQXiAEA_JLBAkAQuYB8NmxDD/s400/1943-1953+Fran%C3%A7oise+Gilot+%28born+in+1921%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866738030283394" border="0" /></a>
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<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh1jw24iODYHx8wym-7S0qPZSXnuMen6PDvJyiszoSFtRH41uM3LWcmw-qabf4_cMiFQ2xISOWeyK3Y4ty58Q_3JUlaotP3s-e3W2qGzW15Ir0Jed0n2SYNPM5eVdoqHHfJxbD921q_Qa2/s1600-h/1943-1953+Fran%C3%A7oise+Gilot+%28born+in+1921%29+02.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 229px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh1jw24iODYHx8wym-7S0qPZSXnuMen6PDvJyiszoSFtRH41uM3LWcmw-qabf4_cMiFQ2xISOWeyK3Y4ty58Q_3JUlaotP3s-e3W2qGzW15Ir0Jed0n2SYNPM5eVdoqHHfJxbD921q_Qa2/s400/1943-1953+Fran%C3%A7oise+Gilot+%28born+in+1921%29+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866631834178978" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1943 Picasso (age 62) then kept company with young art student <b>Françoise Gilot</b> (born in 1921). Their <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">two children were <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Claude (1947)</span></b> and <b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);">Paloma</span></b><span style="color: rgb(0, 204, 204);"> <b>(1949)</b></span></span> who was named for the dove of peace that Picasso painted in support of the peace movement post World War II. Gilot, frustrated with Picasso's relationships with other woman and his abusive nature left him in 1953. <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Gilot's book "Life with Picasso"</span> was published 11 years after their separation. In 1970 she married American physician-researcher Jonas Salk (who later died in 1995). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1951-1953 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Genevieve</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> Laporte (1927-)<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iRwyBaNXTjvnq4r5uS7s4J1DIG29V6-oqm1qjbkjMPA0rImtuegfJPM7D6dpRRaRgJlladtxx99yZrBCy-CLT6C0MkQ9PoDysMeZqhJZJhLEN6h0SC0XWWwTTlIhkQ0prTgmvzy71LL7/s1600-h/1951-1953+Genevieve+Laporte+%28born+in+1927%29+02.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 235px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0iRwyBaNXTjvnq4r5uS7s4J1DIG29V6-oqm1qjbkjMPA0rImtuegfJPM7D6dpRRaRgJlladtxx99yZrBCy-CLT6C0MkQ9PoDysMeZqhJZJhLEN6h0SC0XWWwTTlIhkQ0prTgmvzy71LL7/s400/1951-1953+Genevieve+Laporte+%28born+in+1927%29+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866368412957698" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1944 17-year old <b>Genevieve</b> Laporte (born in 1927) interviewed Picasso for a school newspaper. Years later in May, 1951 Picasso began an affair with the then-24 year old. The relationship started when Laporte visited the 70-year old Picasso at his studio while he was still living with Françoise Gilot. That summer of 1951 Picasso took Laporte to St Tropez, leaving Françoise behind. After declining Picasso's invitation to move in with him in St. Tropez, she left him in 1953 at the same time that Françoise left the artist.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj36SG794LBQx1HxIDXmNNzDVYNdIfBryXs-s_A6kyGUz1McLG9ogJwTB1FwiBQCnp4q52CR2Qtxoyvtm8BeX-WbwbqYVx1hd7oiB5GFL6tglyypIA2IU1wTfZAjYlhXi3gKOnOjaxI-yJ/s1600-h/1951-1953+Genevieve+Laporte+%28born+in+1927%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 247px; height: 248px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj36SG794LBQx1HxIDXmNNzDVYNdIfBryXs-s_A6kyGUz1McLG9ogJwTB1FwiBQCnp4q52CR2Qtxoyvtm8BeX-WbwbqYVx1hd7oiB5GFL6tglyypIA2IU1wTfZAjYlhXi3gKOnOjaxI-yJ/s400/1951-1953+Genevieve+Laporte+%28born+in+1927%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866462968920722" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 1972 she went public with the affair and stored the art that Picasso created of her in a safe. In 2005, at age 79, the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">poet Laporte</span> auctioned 20 drawings of her that Picasso created during their secret affair. Picasso's time with Laporte has been referred to as Picasso's "tender period".<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1953-1973 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Jacqueline</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> Roque (1926 -1986) Second Wife<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiffIv452aO4KhWGOcQy0RsDIpxTbYDiPRGOqtzDkZxYG1SC9oB9jUq1ITWtpt8Ujyb_AjAVFCrTRbrFb43WN_xsDPC2r0d2VwhaTd2bKsqLq_Ys8FBV0yVOXqigpxNNE1JvP6UqPJoI3Pw/s1600-h/1953-1973+Jacqueline+Roque+%281926+-1986%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 264px; height: 324px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiffIv452aO4KhWGOcQy0RsDIpxTbYDiPRGOqtzDkZxYG1SC9oB9jUq1ITWtpt8Ujyb_AjAVFCrTRbrFb43WN_xsDPC2r0d2VwhaTd2bKsqLq_Ys8FBV0yVOXqigpxNNE1JvP6UqPJoI3Pw/s400/1953-1973+Jacqueline+Roque+%281926+-1986%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866175384887746" border="0" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Dejected and alone, in 1953 Picasso met <b><span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);">Jacqueline</span></b> Roque (1926 -1986) at the Madoura Pottery where Picasso created his ceramics. In <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">1961</span> (when Picasso was 79) she became his <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">second wife</span>. Picasso created more works of art based on Jacqueline than any of his other loves, in one year painting over <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">70 portraits</span> of her.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTDEQWS1Dl26lbVGzSrjwArzE5jccenc5o1QQ_gWNG9EMn1LdBXFbIIFZyO7QvpXa-qPZfarCxFi24LZhjw2a361KQjmVKZ76Ur00Glg9rGqYEFeckBa6CaNyOj8C2B-wnZnSi8ZQrTOPK/s1600-h/1954++Jacqueline+with+Flowers+03.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 321px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTDEQWS1Dl26lbVGzSrjwArzE5jccenc5o1QQ_gWNG9EMn1LdBXFbIIFZyO7QvpXa-qPZfarCxFi24LZhjw2a361KQjmVKZ76Ur00Glg9rGqYEFeckBa6CaNyOj8C2B-wnZnSi8ZQrTOPK/s400/1954++Jacqueline+with+Flowers+03.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271866062685103282" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqitBwja1oSX0I7K7k78GGFnMOHvJry1k_8bMqhlOS-bOWNdGF1oyEM3RYvPpFL76wtWw2C3PJsamA4k0UnxQTljOQ6QkQWM9XEkPX34gN7hq-9iAZcyuUY-J-mgQuCmTo6ymP6C64tjkB/s1600-h/1954+Jacqueline+Rocque+04.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqitBwja1oSX0I7K7k78GGFnMOHvJry1k_8bMqhlOS-bOWNdGF1oyEM3RYvPpFL76wtWw2C3PJsamA4k0UnxQTljOQ6QkQWM9XEkPX34gN7hq-9iAZcyuUY-J-mgQuCmTo6ymP6C64tjkB/s400/1954+Jacqueline+Rocque+04.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271865957717128530" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">When Picasso died on April 8, 1973, Jacqueline, who had been with Picasso for 20 years, prevented Picasso's children Claude and Paloma from attending his funeral. Jacqueline died from shooting herself in 1986.
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h3 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">1954 Sylvette David (<st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Lydia</st1:place></st1:country-region> Corbett)
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQsYdYbZVHR3KOhY1_Q9yMGPTAUNlcQhlRMBCZf4vjM54ga3YkZCyqiZJp5SqGpmiBY3CvD37jLjpMvBojshpgYTgTpZnfXK6D2eMAjZPR6P7onnl7B1DSDD13HaOycs6E-RgIvfpFRxRI/s1600-h/1954+Lydia+Corbett+%28Sylvette+David%29+with+Picasso.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 306px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQsYdYbZVHR3KOhY1_Q9yMGPTAUNlcQhlRMBCZf4vjM54ga3YkZCyqiZJp5SqGpmiBY3CvD37jLjpMvBojshpgYTgTpZnfXK6D2eMAjZPR6P7onnl7B1DSDD13HaOycs6E-RgIvfpFRxRI/s400/1954+Lydia+Corbett+%28Sylvette+David%29+with+Picasso.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271865236302829954" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-sddj1Tg69PMqxLSIXHWzqs63BWkMgxWcxEJS5Akv6sFqewMPp-MyqWyW8SPShp6aOU2Ep_Av8mgIvOefFFoAy9hXIScZ8hzc06MFZAO-Nq78YBq9vY8nEzTrBdO9Z9vTWejXdyfx0-W/s1600-h/1954+Sylvette+David+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 316px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW-sddj1Tg69PMqxLSIXHWzqs63BWkMgxWcxEJS5Akv6sFqewMPp-MyqWyW8SPShp6aOU2Ep_Av8mgIvOefFFoAy9hXIScZ8hzc06MFZAO-Nq78YBq9vY8nEzTrBdO9Z9vTWejXdyfx0-W/s400/1954+Sylvette+David+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271865124628365058" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmfpBNshuKxN9rdmHM3NiX486GC5lmNzAmNybYUfawHVNMwHIpSmlJkFsBKLUBcg2hdU11TALlzLV0pHEFlC9km0LA3PKKjY7rDTiiKRsKVSHn8EvPjyRfXi8CzgFh88nM4I_wGU-qhJ9s/s1600-h/1954+Sylvette+David+02.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmfpBNshuKxN9rdmHM3NiX486GC5lmNzAmNybYUfawHVNMwHIpSmlJkFsBKLUBcg2hdU11TALlzLV0pHEFlC9km0LA3PKKjY7rDTiiKRsKVSHn8EvPjyRfXi8CzgFh88nM4I_wGU-qhJ9s/s400/1954+Sylvette+David+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271864990582505026" border="0" /></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-5039609505523845622008-11-23T05:19:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.424-08:00Picasso<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" 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mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> (1881-1973) <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso%27s_Blue_Period" title="Picasso's Blue Period">Blue</a> (1901–1904)</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> ·</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso%27s_Rose_Period" title="Picasso's Rose Period">Rose</a> (1904–1906)</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> ·</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso%27s_African_Period" title="Picasso's African Period">African</a> (1907–1909)</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> ·</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> (1910–1919) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Lists of works: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1889-1900" title="List of Picasso artworks 1889-1900">1889-1900</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1901-1910" title="List of Picasso artworks 1901-1910">1901-1910</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1911-1920" title="List of Picasso artworks 1911-1920">1911-1920</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1921-1930" title="List of Picasso artworks 1921-1930">1921-1930</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1931-1940" title="List of Picasso artworks 1931-1940">1931-1940</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1941-1950" title="List of Picasso artworks 1941-1950">1941-1950</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1951-1960" title="List of Picasso artworks 1951-1960">1951-1960</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1961-1970" title="List of Picasso artworks 1961-1970">1961-1970</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Picasso_artworks_1971-1973" title="List of Picasso artworks 1971-1973">1971-1973</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Artworks: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Picasso" title="Chicago Picasso">Chicago Picasso</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Maar_au_Chat" title="Dora Maar au Chat">Dora Maar au Chat</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s" title="Femme aux Bras Croisés">Femme aux Bras Croisés</a> ·</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gar%C3%A7on_%C3%A0_la_pipe" title="Garçon à la pipe">Garçon à la pipe</a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_%28painting%29" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_%28painting%29" title="Jacqueline (painting)">Jacqueline</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_R%C3%AAve_%28painting%29" title="Le Rêve (painting)">Le Rêve</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Demoiselles_d%27Avignon" title="Les Demoiselles d'Avignon">Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Noces_de_Pierrette" title="Les Noces de Pierrette">Les Noces de Pierrette</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_with_Doll" title="Maya with Doll">Maya with Doll</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair" title="Nude on a black armchair">Nude on a black armchair</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Guitarist" title="The Old Guitarist">The Old Guitarist</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_the_Letter_%28Picasso%29" title="Reading the Letter (Picasso)">Reading the Letter</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seated_circus_performer_and_boy" title="Seated circus performer and boy">Seated circus performer and boy</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvette" title="Sylvette">Sylvette</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Dancers" title="The Three Dancers">The Three Dancers</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Musicians" title="Three Musicians">Three Musicians</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weeping_Woman" title="The Weeping Woman">The Weeping Woman</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_in_Hat_and_Fur_Collar" title="Woman in Hat and Fur Collar">Woman in Hat and Fur Collar</a> · <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Suzanne_Bloch" title="Portrait of Suzanne Bloch">Portrait of Suzanne Bloch</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://anitanosupermercado.vox.com/library/post/les-femmes-de-pablo-picasso-the-women-of-pablo-picasso-1881-1973.html" title="View post detail"><span style="" lang="FR">Les femmes de Pablo Picasso - The women of Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gar%C3%A7on_%C3%A0_la_pipe" title="Garçon à la pipe"><span style="" lang="FR">Garçon à la pipe</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"> 1905 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4YazTQz5NfIIu8pJkHIq6ajsN4STttepofUvavugBvLp4O0o6iqQpZtS8r7eQvZcHlkH6np4RIeAMn10KHULHqiekwVEXuPSSSUcLxj3F1qF_M-XGNT3mKv4RvxqW8HKELYH8W_iMCOLK/s1600-h/1905+Gar%C3%A7on+%C3%A0+la+pipe+%28Picasso%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 374px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4YazTQz5NfIIu8pJkHIq6ajsN4STttepofUvavugBvLp4O0o6iqQpZtS8r7eQvZcHlkH6np4RIeAMn10KHULHqiekwVEXuPSSSUcLxj3F1qF_M-XGNT3mKv4RvxqW8HKELYH8W_iMCOLK/s400/1905+Gar%C3%A7on+%C3%A0+la+pipe+%28Picasso%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271847601654291282" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">$104.2 Million<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Garçon à <st1:personname productid="la Pipe" st="on">la Pipe</st1:personname></span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (<i>Boy with a Pipe</i>) is a painting by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. It was painted in 1905 when Pablo Picasso was 24 years old, during his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Period" title="Rose Period">Rose Period</a>, soon after he settled in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> section of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The oil on canvas painting depicts a Parisian (a person from <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Paris</st1:place></st1:city>) boy holding a pipe in his left hand and wearing a garland or wreath of flowers.<b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Maar_au_Chat" title="Dora Maar au Chat">Dora Maar au Chat</a> 1941 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8RJg6qV2I4KOPGw1vjxNjM7RTmmP_F8TKu-AoblFEBLXV6L0iwcky1VYTJJB4Fycfknd98EOsCV1rRRNmbEycFZ7CNYUQcal2x2hBVZu8z1ohc_Xygq9EaFqhNDUpNfmeJ-xYrUUHZr2K/s1600-h/1941+1936-1944+Dora_Maar_Au_Chat.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 293px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8RJg6qV2I4KOPGw1vjxNjM7RTmmP_F8TKu-AoblFEBLXV6L0iwcky1VYTJJB4Fycfknd98EOsCV1rRRNmbEycFZ7CNYUQcal2x2hBVZu8z1ohc_Xygq9EaFqhNDUpNfmeJ-xYrUUHZr2K/s400/1941+1936-1944+Dora_Maar_Au_Chat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271847452950808450" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$95.2 Million <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Dora Maar au Chat</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> (<i>Dora Maar with Cat</i>) is a 1941 painting by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. It depicts <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Maar" title="Dora Maar">Dora Maar</a> (<a href="http://febrerillloco.blogia.com/2007/091701-henriette-theodora-markovich-dora-maar-1907-1997-.php">Henriette Théodora Markovich - Dora Maar (1907-1997)</a> ), the painter's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> mistress, seated on a chair with a small <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">cat</span> perched on her shoulders. This painting is world-famous and is now one of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">world's most expensive paintings</a>.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dora_Maar_au_Chat#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Picasso fell in love with the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">29-year old Maar at the age of 55</span> and soon began living with her. This painting was done during the year 1941, when the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazis" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> were occupying <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Dora Maar au Chat</span></i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> presents the artist's most mysterious and challenging mistress <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">regally posed</span> three-quarter length in a large wooden chair with a small black cat perched behind her in both an amusing and menacing attitude. The faceted planes of her body and richly layered surface of brushstrokes impart a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">monumental and sculptural quality</span> to this portrait. The painting is also remarkable for its <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">brilliance of colour</span> and the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">complex and dense patterning of the model's dress</span>. The powerful figure is set in a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">dramatic, yet simple setting composed of a <a href="http://www.onelook.com/?w=vertiginous&ls=a">vertiginous</a>ly inclined plane of wooden floorboards and shallow interior space</span> that is arranged in a manner reminiscent of Picasso’s earliest manipulations of space in a cubist manner.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Dora Maar au Chat</span></i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is one of Picasso’s most valued depictions of his lover and artistic companion. Their partnership had been one of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">intellectual exchange and intense passion</span> -- Dora was an artist, spoke Picasso’s native <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and shared his political concerns. She even assisted with the execution of the monumental <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_%28painting%29" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a></i> and produced the only photo-documentary of the work in progress. She was an intellectual force – a characteristic that both stimulated and challenged Picasso and her influence on him resulted in some of his most powerful and daring portraits of his 75-year career. Among the best of them are the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oils</a> completed during the late 1930s and early 1940s, when Picasso’s art resonated with the drama and emotional upheaval of the era and which Dora came to personify. The luminous <i>Dora Maar au Chat</i> was painted in 1941, at the beginning of the Second World War in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">France</st1:place></st1:country-region> .<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Maar was one of the most influential figures in Picasso’s life during their relationship and she also became his primary model. By the time he painted the present picture he had incorporated Dora Maar’s image into countless versions of this motif. During the occupation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> by the Nazis, and as tension mounted in their relationship, the artist would express his frustration by furiously abstracting her image, often portraying her in tears. While the present portrait might seem a departure from Picasso's more hostile depictions of this model, it may be one of his most brilliant and biting provocations of his <i>Weeping Woman</i>. Picasso once likened Maar’s allure and temperament to that of an “Afghan cat”, and the cat in this picture is laden with significance. In the history of art, the pairing of cats and women was an allusion to feminine wiles and sexual aggression, as exemplified in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manet" title="Manet">Manet</a>’s notorious <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympia_%28painting%29" title="Olympia (painting)">Olympia</a></i>. It is also interesting to consider that the artist has paid particular attention to the sharp, talon-like nails on the long fingers of his model. In life Maar’s well-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manicure" title="Manicure">manicured</a> hands were one of her most beautiful and distinctive features, and here they have taken on another, more violent characteristic.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">In addition to being a rare, three-quarter length portrait of Dora Maar, the present work is also a generous and painterly composition with an extraordinary attention to detail. The artist used an extraordinarily vibrant palette in his rendering of the angles of the chair and the patterning of Maar’s dress. The most embellished and symbolic element of the sitter’s wardrobe in this picture is her hat, Maar’s most famous accessory and signifier of her involvement in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealist</a> movement. Ceremoniously placed atop her head like a crown, it is festooned with colourful plumes and outlined with a band of vibrant red. Larger than life, an impression enhanced by her vibrant body that cannot be confined by the boundaries of the chair, Maar looms in this picture like a pagan goddess seated on her throne.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/04/arts/design/04auction.html?ex=1304395200&en=b522716ad30d0aec&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/04/arts/design/04auction.html?ex=1304395200&en=b522716ad30d0aec&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">"Mystery Bidder Spends $95 Million on a Picasso"</a>, Carol Vogel, <i>New York Times</i>, May 4, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000088&sid=aOszYPrb3wYc&refer=culture" title="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000088&sid=aOszYPrb3wYc&refer=culture">"Picasso's 'Dora Maar au Chat' Sells for $95.2 Mln at Sotheby's"</a>, Lindsay Pollock and Philip Boroff, Bloomberg.com, May 3, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416" title="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416">"Pablo Picasso Portrait of Dora Maar brings $95,216,000 at Sotheby's"</a>, News-Antique.com, May 4, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/arts/design/06buye.html?ex=1304568000&en=8f4e637fd6f73618&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/arts/design/06buye.html?ex=1304568000&en=8f4e637fd6f73618&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss">"Recognize This Man? The Art World Doesn't"</a>, Carol Vogel, <i>New York Times</i>, May 6, 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://nymag.com/arts/art/features/19387/index3.html" title="http://nymag.com/arts/art/features/19387/index3.html">The Hunt for the Red Collector</a>, Marc <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Spiegler</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on"><i>New York</i></st1:state></st1:place><i> Magazine</i>, Aug 26, 2006<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/09/03/svrussian03.xml" title="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/09/03/svrussian03.xml">Who is the mystery buyer of the $95m Picasso?</a>, <i>Telegraph</i>, Sept 3 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781079&keys=Pablo-Picasso-Dora-Maar-sotheby" title="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781079&keys=Pablo-Picasso-Dora-Maar-sotheby"><i>Sotheby's: About the painting and its features</i></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416" title="http://www.news-antique.com/?id=781416"><i>Sotheby's: Full story of the auction on 3rd May 2006, New York</i></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s" title="Femme aux Bras Croisés">Femme aux Bras Croisés</a> 1902 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3FYO3v1wK1TMJROwrMe7ik-9z1L74hDvTyOXD17zfkoNoWDmTy9cwJRCXW3tqqgwDjFPyQx8zYjmeBtqcMXWJ_cM9Vt-qVqHPK9Yn5NVNtRtutLgJj05j-hRbEpL95PxRkGqStOrrbWvI/s1600-h/1902+Femme+aux+Bras+Crois%C3%A9+Picasso.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 216px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3FYO3v1wK1TMJROwrMe7ik-9z1L74hDvTyOXD17zfkoNoWDmTy9cwJRCXW3tqqgwDjFPyQx8zYjmeBtqcMXWJ_cM9Vt-qVqHPK9Yn5NVNtRtutLgJj05j-hRbEpL95PxRkGqStOrrbWvI/s400/1902+Femme+aux+Bras+Crois%C3%A9+Picasso.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271846895032397778" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">$55.0 Million <b><i><o:p></o:p></i></b></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Femme aux Bras Croisés</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (<b><i>Woman with Folded Arms</i></b>), is a painting by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> done in 1902 during his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Period" title="Blue Period">Blue Period</a>. The subject of the painting is unknown, but may be an inmate of the Saint-Lazare hospital-prison in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Paris</st1:place></st1:city>.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s#cite_note-inmate-0" title="">[1]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">In her book <i>Pablo Picasso</i>, Antonina Vallentin devotes a great deal of time to writing about the haunting qualities of this painting. She describes her views of the subject as an inmate, who recently attempted suicide and now carries the blank but menacing stare of those unfortunates who found themselves at Saint-Lazare during the early 1900s.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s#cite_note-vallentin-1" title="">[2]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femme_aux_Bras_Crois%C3%A9s#cite_ref-inmate_0-0" title=""></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Melikian, Souren (<st1:chsdate year="2000" month="11" day="10" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on">2000-11-10</st1:chsdate>). "<a href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2000/11/10/post.t_5.php" title="http://www.iht.com/articles/2000/11/10/post.t_5.php">AUCTIONS : A Picasso Record</a>", International Herald Tribune.<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:14;">Vallentin, Antonina (1957). <i>Pablo Picasso</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A. Michel, 69.<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/entertainment/926736.stm" title="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/entertainment/926736.stm">Picasso for sale - a snip at £16m</a>", BBC News Online (<st1:chsdate year="2000" month="9" day="15" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on">2000-09-15</st1:chsdate>). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Femme_assise_dans_un_jardin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Femme assise dans un jardin (page does not exist)"><span style="" lang="FR">Femme assise dans un jardin</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"><a href="http://www.productionmyarts.com/arts-et-marche/oeuvres/top-100-picasso-femme-assise-jardin-fr.htm">1938</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3stCGoecdbYVC6iePWr4hCTdupWyEH0jxcW1m4_h4V3SZdKjAY6ERWLE9PiEP8zesInz4qw0XEeBZ0p-x6UvJsuzo-1XwBxfG6-PGFJsYQ8SLhJEVGw0dfWIFNQ_Qp44hPhiWpWWKJuxE/s1600-h/1938+Femme+assise+dans+un+jardin-1938.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 294px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3stCGoecdbYVC6iePWr4hCTdupWyEH0jxcW1m4_h4V3SZdKjAY6ERWLE9PiEP8zesInz4qw0XEeBZ0p-x6UvJsuzo-1XwBxfG6-PGFJsYQ8SLhJEVGw0dfWIFNQ_Qp44hPhiWpWWKJuxE/s400/1938+Femme+assise+dans+un+jardin-1938.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271846706516096770" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;">$49.6 Million <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Noces_de_Pierrette" title="Les Noces de Pierrette"><span style="" lang="FR">Les Noces de Pierrette</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"> 1905 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgON6GFFJs2m-YQvqOF1gSHeFJJLL08iVWlmEbU7k_pSN2iB-Lv-Ul-gT77bDraZsBcWq8OkRtRXeOgfXnFN_Z6AWSENcA2l7ezj9kq15WPoAvhpjSMjlzii__kY5PxGatit41ds7nJrx04/s1600-h/1905+Les+Noces+de+Pierrette+1905.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 268px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgON6GFFJs2m-YQvqOF1gSHeFJJLL08iVWlmEbU7k_pSN2iB-Lv-Ul-gT77bDraZsBcWq8OkRtRXeOgfXnFN_Z6AWSENcA2l7ezj9kq15WPoAvhpjSMjlzii__kY5PxGatit41ds7nJrx04/s400/1905+Les+Noces+de+Pierrette+1905.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271846519848277410" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Les Noces de Pierrette</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> is a 1905 painting created by Spanish artist and sculptor, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. Its title translates as "<i>The marriage of Pierrette</i>" and was created during Picasso's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Period" title="Blue Period">Blue Period</a>; a time when he faced continual depression from the suicide of his friend <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Casagemas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Carlos Casagemas (page does not exist)">Carlos Casagemas</a> in 1901 as well as continual poverty early in his career.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$49.3 Million<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Reve_%28The_Dream%29" title="Le Reve (The Dream)">Le Rêve</a> <sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings#cite_note-9" title="">[10]</a> </sup>1932 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGjseJkFrSQ5QQSOWWSMV3m3N3yEjYnH8sMuZ3FmhYaI3qOhWqeOzqiZU2fo42zwwkn3DFbjhou6_QhmOWoeoN_Ytb5MmDeDjjkdKaz3ERvbkTJrcAP9T8qyW98G7h-zABJdUbtpVzDZjq/s1600-h/1932+1927-1936+Le-reve-1932.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 290px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGjseJkFrSQ5QQSOWWSMV3m3N3yEjYnH8sMuZ3FmhYaI3qOhWqeOzqiZU2fo42zwwkn3DFbjhou6_QhmOWoeoN_Ytb5MmDeDjjkdKaz3ERvbkTJrcAP9T8qyW98G7h-zABJdUbtpVzDZjq/s400/1932+1927-1936+Le-reve-1932.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271846290519425442" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$48.4 Million </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Le Rêve</span></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (<i>The Dream</i> in French) is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> oil painting (130 x <st1:chmetcnv unitname="cm" sourcevalue="97" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">97 cm</st1:chmetcnv>) by the 50-year old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> portraying his 24-year old <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistress_%28lover%29" title="Mistress (lover)">mistress</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Walter" title="Marie-Thérèse Walter">Marie-Thérèse Walter</a>. It is said to have been painted in one afternoon, on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a>, 1932. It belongs to Picasso's period of distorted depictions, with its oversimplified outlines and contrasted colors resembling early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The erotic content of the painting has been noted repeatedly, with critics pointing out that Picasso painted an erect penis, presumably symbolizing his own, in the upturned face of his model.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Reve_%28The_Dream%29#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a><o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Kelly Devine Thomas. <a href="http://www.artnewsonline.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2106" title="http://www.artnewsonline.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2106">Say It with Flowers—or Gourds, Goats, Fur Cups, or Fried</a>, ARTNews, September 2006<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Lee Rosenbaum <a href="http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2007/01/dr_gachet_sighting_it_was_flot.html" title="http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2007/01/dr_gachet_sighting_it_was_flot.html">"Dr. Gachet" sighting: it WAS Flöttl!</a>, CultureGrrl, Jan 26, 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Marc Spiegler. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.artnet.de/magazine/news/spiegler/spiegler01-17-07.asp" title="http://www.artnet.de/magazine/news/spiegler/spiegler01-17-07.asp"><span style="" lang="DE">Vom Traum zum Alptraum</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">, Artnet.de, 17 January 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_Ephron" title="Nora Ephron">Nora Ephron</a>. <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nora-ephron/my-weekend-in-vegas_b_31800.html" title="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nora-ephron/my-weekend-in-vegas_b_31800.html">My Weekend in Vegas</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>, 16 October 2006.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Nick Paumgarten. <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/23/061023ta_talk_paumgarten" title="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/10/23/061023ta_talk_paumgarten">The $40-million elbow</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, 23 October 2006<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2007/0111072wynn1.html" title="http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2007/0111072wynn1.html">Complaint of Wynn against Lloyd's</a>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smoking_Gun" title="The Smoking Gun">The Smoking Gun</a></i><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">David Glovin. <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a6aQcBMhkmfA" title="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a6aQcBMhkmfA">Wynn Settles Insurance Suit With Lloyd's Over a Torn Picasso</a>, Bloomberg, 23 March 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yo,_Picasso&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Yo, Picasso (page does not exist)"><span style="" lang="FR">Yo, Picasso</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"><a href="http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/s/self-portrait.html">1901</a> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtZQDzL11IC6INQWqOUTrx1kTumB4ch2qXVn73S1XZckYLr9GgYEchgylQN7LNLe4VEPkZyio7pKUU7q4028bAFzTZ2XzGqnAe6LC1gtQKM3jgqP6jJlx4KNGXZTnZjwDPv8nyZyUKufQN/s1600-h/1901+Yo,+Picasso+1901.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 328px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtZQDzL11IC6INQWqOUTrx1kTumB4ch2qXVn73S1XZckYLr9GgYEchgylQN7LNLe4VEPkZyio7pKUU7q4028bAFzTZ2XzGqnAe6LC1gtQKM3jgqP6jJlx4KNGXZTnZjwDPv8nyZyUKufQN/s400/1901+Yo,+Picasso+1901.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271846068260100050" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$47.85 Million </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Au_Lapin_Agile&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Au Lapin Agile (page does not exist)"><span style="" lang="FR">Au Lapin Agile</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"><a href="http://www.barillot.fr/montmartre_lapinagile_EN.htm">1904</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.pablo-ruiz-picasso.info/work-35.php"><o:p></o:p></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUo81UusaXmQ5DtA5dDVB1ftm37rS8amhG4pQC-t81-LZ86ZUdaBPvxQGN_aeciwisN6YvhAvocCghOuz9_KHcoJUhAx1bMVDVWIm7WdyAVRXXZIG-4erzDm5JyRSgkUCdhsnkB0q48Sr_/s1600-h/1904+Au+Lapin+Agile+1904.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 398px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUo81UusaXmQ5DtA5dDVB1ftm37rS8amhG4pQC-t81-LZ86ZUdaBPvxQGN_aeciwisN6YvhAvocCghOuz9_KHcoJUhAx1bMVDVWIm7WdyAVRXXZIG-4erzDm5JyRSgkUCdhsnkB0q48Sr_/s400/1904+Au+Lapin+Agile+1904.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271845740215298914" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><u><span style=";font-size:14;color:blue;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pablo-ruiz-picasso.info/work-35.php">"In Lapin Agile or Harlequin with a Glass"<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><o:p></o:p></span></a></span></u></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$40.7 Million <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acrobate_et_jeune_Arlequin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Acrobate et jeune Arlequin (page does not exist)"><span style="" lang="FR">Acrobate et jeune Arlequin</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><sup><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings#cite_note-8" title=""><span style="" lang="FR">[9]</span></a></span></sup><sup><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span></sup><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"><a href="http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/yng_hrlq.jpg.html">1905</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyiJDukDPaoHz3EpUUndJugwRANLWvOtUv14Vcxew-l3gXU4gsbuz5eqN2ItkhUlvp7FKE95C3wk7l8rioCsoW0CU3dBu-VnI9E5xK0HLSsVjkLbCtUSgLKZOFWOi93NIish6XFcwh1HP1/s1600-h/1905+Acrobate+et+jeune+Arlequin++1905.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 222px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyiJDukDPaoHz3EpUUndJugwRANLWvOtUv14Vcxew-l3gXU4gsbuz5eqN2ItkhUlvp7FKE95C3wk7l8rioCsoW0CU3dBu-VnI9E5xK0HLSsVjkLbCtUSgLKZOFWOi93NIish6XFcwh1HP1/s400/1905+Acrobate+et+jeune+Arlequin++1905.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271845533965422642" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">$38.5 Million </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair" title="Nude on a black armchair"><span style="" lang="FR">Nude on a black armchair</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">(</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">Nu au </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauteuil" title="Fauteuil"><span style="" lang="FR">Fauteuil</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR"> Noir</span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">) 1932 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDBtIzpYqfVtRDwx5ZKzQHwxtaDDzy3maRw6xghOawCTYTkVxNzZQnQsVCpZkjxnQ54O9vDzm1KZRZgWJkikPpU6wMBeChyk6_Wq2K-D_FxSwoP9f1p5GTnj6d87LT7WeMJd-SGRLQ1zFW/s1600-h/1927-1936+Nude+in+a+Black+Armchair.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 316px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDBtIzpYqfVtRDwx5ZKzQHwxtaDDzy3maRw6xghOawCTYTkVxNzZQnQsVCpZkjxnQ54O9vDzm1KZRZgWJkikPpU6wMBeChyk6_Wq2K-D_FxSwoP9f1p5GTnj6d87LT7WeMJd-SGRLQ1zFW/s400/1927-1936+Nude+in+a+Black+Armchair.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271843399530677554" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">45.1 million<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Nude in a Black Armchair</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> (<b>Nu au <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauteuil" title="Fauteuil">Fauteuil</a> Noir</b>) is a portrait painted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> on March, 9, 1932<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair#cite_note-NYT_9-24-1999-0" title="">[1]</a></sup> of his mistress <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Walter" title="Marie-Thérèse Walter">Marie-Thérèse Walter</a> (1909-1977). It is currently owned by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Wexner" title="Les Wexner">Les Wexner</a>, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_Brands" title="Limited Brands">Limited Brands</a>. It was sold for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">45.1 million</span> USD in 1999. Wexner donated the piece to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wexner_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Wexner Center for the Arts">Wexner Center for the Arts</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ohio_State_University" title="The Ohio State University">The Ohio State University</a>. He provided major funding for the center. <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Former</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">Museum</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Modern Art curator William Rubin deemed it a "squishy sexual toy,"<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair#cite_note-NYT_2-14-2003-1" title="">[2]</a></sup> with other critics describing a theme of fecundity being mutually displayed by both the female figure and the plant.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair#cite_note-NYT_2-14-2003-1" title="">[2]</a></sup> The first and the largest of a series of 1932 Marie-Thérèse Walter portraits, Picasso lived outside of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Paris</st1:place></st1:city>, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boisgeloup&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Boisgeloup (page does not exist)">Boisgeloup</a>, at the time.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_on_a_black_armchair#cite_note-NYT_9-24-1999-0" title="">[1]</a></sup></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><i><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_%28painting%29" title="Guernica (painting)">Guernica</a> 1937 </span></i><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_czG-j_ke9q4VMEmpxqz5B9ev1rqUOthvLxytb0YzXksM4jW2L9tndiDJmwhnvy1JUsJ50wkQLQFey_X4qJt3U_nqhwwtPCcUnggBKuVxciUUx4IB5bxOhLjE7HYNGuiYl_leaNgJykfZ/s1600-h/1937+Guernica+Pablo+Picasso.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_czG-j_ke9q4VMEmpxqz5B9ev1rqUOthvLxytb0YzXksM4jW2L9tndiDJmwhnvy1JUsJ50wkQLQFey_X4qJt3U_nqhwwtPCcUnggBKuVxciUUx4IB5bxOhLjE7HYNGuiYl_leaNgJykfZ/s400/1937+Guernica+Pablo+Picasso.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271843082893038482" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Guernica</span></i></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, showing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Guernica" title="Bombing of Guernica">bombing of Guernica</a>, Spain, by <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">twenty-eight bombers</span>, invited by leader of the coup <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franquism" title="Franquism">Fascist</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">General Francisco Franco</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939</span>), an attempted <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i> committed by parts of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">army</a> against the government of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>. The attack killed between 250 and 1,600 people, and many more were injured.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The Spanish rulers commissioned Pablo Picasso to create a large mural for the Spanish display at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne_%281937%29" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937)">Paris International Exposition</a> (the 1937 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Fair" title="World's Fair">World's Fair</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>). The <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Guernica</st1:place></st1:city> bombing inspired Picasso. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city> shows the tragedies of war and the suffering war inflicts upon individuals. This monumental work has eclipsed the bounds of a single time and place, becoming a perpetual reminder of the tragedies of war, an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-war" title="Anti-war">anti-war</a> symbol, and an embodiment of peace. On completion <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city> was displayed around the world in a brief tour, becoming famous and widely acclaimed. Within fifteen days of the attack, Pablo Picasso began painting this mural. This tour brought the Spanish civil war to the world's attention.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Guernica</span></i></st1:place></st1:city><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> is of remarkable size, solely black and white, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">3.5 metre (<st1:chmetcnv unitname="ft" sourcevalue="11" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">11 ft</st1:chmetcnv>) tall and 7.8 metre (<st1:chmetcnv unitname="ft" sourcevalue="25.6" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">25.6 ft</st1:chmetcnv>) wide</span>, a mural-size canvas painted in oil. Picasso's purpose in painting it was not to create the non-representational abstraction typical of some of his contemporaries, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimir_Malevich" title="Kazimir Malevich">Kazimir Malevich</a>. <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city> presents a scene of death, violence, brutality, suffering, and helplessness without portraying their immediate causes. The choice to paint in black and white conveys the chronological nearness of a newspaper photograph and the lifelessness war affords.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Guernica</span></i></st1:place></st1:city><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> depicts suffering people, animals, and buildings wrenched by violence and chaos.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The overall scene is within a room where, at an open end on the left, a wide-eyed bull stands over a woman grieving over a dead child in her arms.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The centre is occupied by a horse falling in agony as it had just been run through by a spear or javelin. The shape of a human skull forms the horse's nose and upper teeth.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Two "hidden" images formed by the horse appear in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city> (illustrated to the right): <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A human skull overlays the horse's body.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A bull appears to <a href="http://www.onelook.com/?w=gore&ls=a">gore</a> the horse from underneath. The bull's head is formed mainly by the horse's entire front leg which has the knee on the ground. The leg's knee cap forms the head's nose. A horn appears within the horse's breast.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The bulls tail forms the image of a flame with smoke rising from it, seemingly appearing in a window created by the lighter shade of gray surrounding it.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Under the horse is a dead, apparently dismembered soldier, his hand on a severed arm still grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A light bulb blazes in the shape of an eye over the suffering horse's head (the bare bulb of the torturer's cell.)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">To the upper right of the horse, a frightened female figure, who seems to be witnessing the scenes before her, appears to have floated into the room through a window. Her arm, also floating in, carries a flame-lit lamp.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">From the right, an awe-struck woman staggers towards the center below the floating female figure. She looks up blankly into the blazing light bulb.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Daggers that suggest screaming replace the tongues of the bull, grieving woman, and horse.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A bird, possibly a dove, stands on a shelf behind the bull in panic.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">On the far right, a figure with arms raised in terror is entrapped by fire from above and below.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A dark wall with an open door defines the right end of the mural.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">There are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigmata" title="Stigmata">stigmata</a> (the supposed marks on the hands of those who have "suffered as Jesus") on the hands of the dead soldier. Picasso was not religious, although he was brought up in the predominantly Catholic Spain, and these symbols are not to be interpreted as Christian identification.<sup>[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> This, instead, reflects the idea that all of us suffer often without cause.<sup>[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> Here Picasso is using a well recognisable image to demonstrate how we are all like Christ, in that we all suffer and eventually die.<sup>[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Symbolism in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Interpretations of <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city> vary widely and contradict one another. This extends, for example, to the mural's two dominant elements: the bull and the horse. Art historian Patricia Failing said, "The bull and the horse are important characters in Spanish culture. Picasso himself certainly used these characters to play many different roles over time. This has made the task of interpreting the specific meaning of the bull and the horse very tough. Their relationship is a kind of ballet that was conceived in a variety of ways throughout Picasso's career."<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">When pressed to explain them in <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:place></st1:city>, Picasso said, "...this bull is a bull and this horse is a horse... If you give a meaning to certain things in my paintings it may be very true, but it is not my idea to give this meaning. What ideas and conclusions you have got I obtained too, but instinctively, unconsciously. I make the painting for the painting. I paint the objects for what they are."<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_%28painting%29#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">In "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dream_and_Lie_of_Franco" title="The Dream and Lie of Franco">The Dream and Lie of Franco</a>," a series of narrative sketches also created for the World's Fair, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco" title="Franco">Franco</a> is depicted as a monster that first devours his own horse and later does battle with an angry bull. Work on these illustrations began before the bombing of <st1:city st="on">Guernica</st1:city>, and four additional panels were added, three of these relate directly to the <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Guernica</st1:place></st1:city> mural.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Picasso said as he worked on the mural: “The Spanish struggle is the fight of reaction against the people, against freedom. My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art. How could anybody think for a moment that I could be in agreement with reaction and death? ... In the panel on which I am working, which I shall call <st1:city st="on"><i>Guernica</i></st1:city>, and in all my recent works of art, I clearly express my abhorrence of the military caste which has sunk <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Spain</st1:place></st1:country-region> in an ocean of pain and death.”<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guernica_%28painting%29#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.lena-gieseke.com/guernica/movie.html" title="http://www.lena-gieseke.com/guernica/movie.html">A 3D Exploration of Picasso's Guernica</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/zoomable-paintings/pablo-ruiz-picasso/index2.htm" title="http://www.elrelojdesol.com/zoomable-paintings/pablo-ruiz-picasso/index2.htm">Guernica - Zoomable version.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.aestheticrealism.org/GUERNICA_dk.htm" title="http://www.aestheticrealism.org/GUERNICA_dk.htm">Art Opposes Injustice! — Picasso's Guernica: For Life</a> by Dorothy Koppelman<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Guardian</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">: <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/artblog/2007/apr/26/picassosguernicabattlelives" title="http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/artblog/2007/apr/26/picassosguernicabattlelives">Picasso's Guernica Battle Lives On</a> April 26 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">PBS Treasures of the World - <a href="http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/a_nav/guernica_nav/main_guerfrm.html" title="http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld/a_nav/guernica_nav/main_guerfrm.html">Guernica: Testimony of War</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://web.org.uk/picasso/secret_guernica.html" title="http://web.org.uk/picasso/secret_guernica.html">Picasso's "Secret" Guernica</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Socialist Worker</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">: <a href="http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=11233" title="http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=11233">Guernica: Shock and Awe in Paint</a> April 24 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The New Yorker</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">: <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/19/060619craw_artworld?currentPage=all" title="http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/19/060619craw_artworld?currentPage=all">Spanish Lessons, Picasso in Madrid</a> by Peter Schjeldahl, June 19 2006<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.guernicamag.com/features/6/the_painting_guernica/" title="http://www.guernicamag.com/features/6/the_painting_guernica/">The Painting, Guernica</a> by Julián Ríos, October 2004<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43859" title="http://www.galilean-library.org/manuscript.php?postid=43859">The Roots of Modern Art: Guernica</a> @ The Galilean Library<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><st1:city st="on"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Toronto</span></i></st1:city><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> Star</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">: <a href="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0209-04.htm" title="http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0209-04.htm">The Lessons of Guernica</a> by William Walker, February 9 2003<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/23/arts/Picassos-Guernica.php" title="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/23/arts/Picassos-Guernica.php">X-ray Shows Picasso's Guernica Painting has Suffered a lot but is not in Danger</a> Associated Press, July 23 2008<o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-12654906558753014282008-11-23T04:32:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.426-08:00Renoir<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> (1841-1919)
<br /></span></h2><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXqI689jdEfjzRwOh6ygP4mTu6xheyJRPFVVbvRkcjyg3cmXjcMij4AWZTmhL959-TTU7u7gNOPwpNOJRpwYC92sBKEPv76g8XO3egtjHVIC2gR7gIElHNQg4PR0EQ7hW4-EN3eHSGGhDU/s1600-h/1841+Pierre-Auguste+Renoir+%281841-1919%29+01.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 317px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXqI689jdEfjzRwOh6ygP4mTu6xheyJRPFVVbvRkcjyg3cmXjcMij4AWZTmhL959-TTU7u7gNOPwpNOJRpwYC92sBKEPv76g8XO3egtjHVIC2gR7gIElHNQg4PR0EQ7hW4-EN3eHSGGhDU/s400/1841+Pierre-Auguste+Renoir+%281841-1919%29+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271830651893849938" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p><b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</span></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>–<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>) was a French <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a> who was a leading <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painter</a> in the development of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionist</a> style. As a celebrator of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">beauty</span>, and especially <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">feminine sensuality</span>, it has been said that "Renoir is the final representative of a tradition which runs directly from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Watteau" title="Antoine Watteau">Watteau</a>".<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a><o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <h3><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </h3><h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal_au_moulin_de_la_Galette,_Montmartre" title="Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre"><span style="" lang="FR">Bal au moulin de la Galette, Montmartre</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="FR">1876
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheIuAy6VOyDMOkvmZkgi_0-__Y6e8MgHCHgZOV_uLz0K2Kvs3M3BhUca2jnQkhtgogk9J_14XtAftSNOwaCgdTGcf8MELB0d2EZVD3FsjkB6h2JuKyFl5HhUi2akNEVcAtSOuFS5r3RIYd/s1600-h/1876+Dance+at+Le+Moulin+de+la+Galette+%28Le+Bal+au+Moulin+de+la+Galette%29,+1876,+Pierre-Auguste+Renoir.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 295px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheIuAy6VOyDMOkvmZkgi_0-__Y6e8MgHCHgZOV_uLz0K2Kvs3M3BhUca2jnQkhtgogk9J_14XtAftSNOwaCgdTGcf8MELB0d2EZVD3FsjkB6h2JuKyFl5HhUi2akNEVcAtSOuFS5r3RIYd/s400/1876+Dance+at+Le+Moulin+de+la+Galette+%28Le+Bal+au+Moulin+de+la+Galette%29,+1876,+Pierre-Auguste+Renoir.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271830873705132930" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;">$78.1 - $128.8 Million <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;">Bal au moulin de <st1:personname productid="la Galette" st="on">la Galette</st1:personname>, Montmartre</span></i></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;"> (commonly known as <i>Le Moulin de <st1:personname productid="la Galette" st="on">la Galette</st1:personname></i>) is an </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876" title="1876"><span style="" lang="FR">1876</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;"> painting by </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France"><span style="" lang="FR">French</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;"> artist </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir"><span style="" lang="FR">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</span></a></span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;"> at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Owned by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hay_Whitney" title="John Hay Whitney">John Hay Whitney</a>, on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, his widow sold the painting for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">US$78 million</span> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> to Ryoei Saito, the honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Company, Japan.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">1881 <a href="http://www.framemuseums.org/jsp/fiche_oeuvre.jsp?STNAV=&RUBNAV=&CODE=O114441945699651&LANGUE=0&RH=GALERIEs&OBJET_PROVENANCE=GALERIE">Blond Bather</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">1887 <a href="http://blog.empas.com/wwjang/read.html?a=26163357">The Large Bathers</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">1897 <a href="http://www.renoir.org.yu/gallery.asp?id=136">Sleeping Bather</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moulin_de_la_Galette" title="Moulin de la Galette">Moulin de la Galette</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au_Moulin_de_la_Galette" title="Au Moulin de la Galette"><span style="" lang="FR">Au Moulin de la Galette</span></a></span></i><span lang="FR" style="font-size:14;">, smaller version of the painting<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.top10land.com/top-ten-most-expensive-paintings-sold-at-auction.html" title="http://www.top10land.com/top-ten-most-expensive-paintings-sold-at-auction.html">Top Ten Most Expensive Paintings Sold At Auction</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.renoir.org.yu/" title="http://www.renoir.org.yu/">Auguste Renoir Gallery</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9455662" title="http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9455662">Renoir at biography.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/315/7123/1704" title="http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/315/7123/1704">How Renoir Coped with Rheumatoid Arthritis</a> article in British Medical Journal by Boonen A. et al.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.phillipscollection.org/html/lbp.html" title="http://www.phillipscollection.org/html/lbp.html">The Story Behind the Masterpiece...</a> The Luncheon of the Boating Party<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/visualart/story/0,,2020144,00.html" title="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/visualart/story/0,,2020144,00.html">Suburban Pastoral</a>, The Guardian, 24 Feb 2007<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8087" title="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8087">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find_A_Grave" title="Find A Grave">Find A Grave</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.mootnotes.com/art/renoir" title="http://www.mootnotes.com/art/renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir paintings, media & interactive timeline</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Renoir,+Pierre-Auguste">http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Renoir,+Pierre-Auguste</a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-75537955497102946972008-11-21T03:11:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.427-08:00Klimt<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US">Gustav</span></b></a></span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="DE"> </span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US">Klimt</span></b></a></span></strong><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (1862-1918) <o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2> <p><b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwzBYVo2-wQ89vwiK9MZm7hzBAVLsCIUhyJ0lLoH-ewkfzozco0-rrbrvsWBlkG-hwWoIEaJxOO56bqx1o88kj6BTcBpzn95y4rxI-GbhOaS7Pfy5YgGuPzov21HN8sb2XMp3ELfJhzYSk/s1600-h/Klimt+Gustav+1908.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 282px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwzBYVo2-wQ89vwiK9MZm7hzBAVLsCIUhyJ0lLoH-ewkfzozco0-rrbrvsWBlkG-hwWoIEaJxOO56bqx1o88kj6BTcBpzn95y4rxI-GbhOaS7Pfy5YgGuPzov21HN8sb2XMp3ELfJhzYSk/s400/Klimt+Gustav+1908.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271076477894878242" border="0" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Gustav Klimt</span></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolism_%28arts%29" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolist painter</a> and one of the most prominent members of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a>) movement. His major works include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintings" title="Paintings">paintings</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murals" title="Murals">murals</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sketch_%28drawing%29" title="Sketch (drawing)">sketches</a>, and other art objects, many of which are on display in the Vienna Secession gallery. Klimt's primary subject was the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">female body</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup> and his works are marked by a frank <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">eroticism</span>--nowhere is this more apparent than in his numerous drawings in pencil (see <i>Mulher sentada</i>, below).<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a> <o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">In the early 1890s, Klimt met Emilie Flöge, who, notwithstanding the artist's relationships with other women, was to be his companion until the end of his life. Whether his relationship with Flöge was sexual or not is debated, but during that period Klimt fathered at least <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">14 children</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-8" title="">[9]</a><o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.tate.org.uk/liverpool/exhibitions/gustavklimt/" title="http://www.tate.org.uk/liverpool/exhibitions/gustavklimt/">Gustav Klimt: Painting, Design and Modern Life in Vienna 1900</a> exhibition at Tate Liverpool, 2008<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.ricci-art.com/en/Gustav-Klimt.htm" title="http://www.ricci-art.com/en/Gustav-Klimt.htm">Paintings by Gustav Klimt</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.iklimt.com/" title="http://www.iklimt.com/">iKlimt.com</a> (An evocative and beautifully designed Flash site about Klimt's life)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Klimt,+Gustav" title="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Klimt,+Gustav">Gallery of works by Gustav Klimt at Zeno.org</a> (German)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/klimt/" title="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/klimt/">Web Museum Klimt page</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.adele.at/" title="http://www.adele.at/">The Bloch-Bauer court case</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.adeleswish.com/" title="http://www.adeleswish.com/">"Adele's Wish" Documentary film on the Bloch-Bauer court case (Republic of Austria v. Altmann)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Portrait of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Bloch-Bauer_I" title="Adele Bloch-Bauer I">Adele Bloch-Bauer I</a></i> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLidXy1PIFkRdxfFrFkxlmoIcOmTKv0JIYgDV0rsdMeoZYgyuREh6DBgYKZ2HQGKYYOjZNxbv9JyXK055Pdo3lrmi5-JHo8UDNycbFq6HKufhvmpuQL6w1MPgQLakmEQLTp6tfFqIIpY3t/s1600-h/Klimt+Adele+Bloch-Bauer+I.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 389px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLidXy1PIFkRdxfFrFkxlmoIcOmTKv0JIYgDV0rsdMeoZYgyuREh6DBgYKZ2HQGKYYOjZNxbv9JyXK055Pdo3lrmi5-JHo8UDNycbFq6HKufhvmpuQL6w1MPgQLakmEQLTp6tfFqIIpY3t/s400/Klimt+Adele+Bloch-Bauer+I.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271076342092803234" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In 2006, the 1907 portrait, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Bloch-Bauer_I" title="Adele Bloch-Bauer I">Adele Bloch-Bauer I</a></i>, was purchased for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Galerie" title="Neue Galerie">Neue Galerie</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Lauder" title="Ronald Lauder">Ronald Lauder</a> for a reported US <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$135 million</span>, surpassing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasso" title="Picasso">Picasso</a>'s 1905 <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gar%C3%A7on_%C3%A0_la_pipe" title="Garçon à la pipe">Boy With a Pipe</a></i> (sold May 5, 2004 for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$104 million</span>).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Bloch-Bauer_I" title="Adele Bloch-Bauer I">Adele Bloch-Bauer I</a> is one of the five paintings referred to below in the Legacy section and an NPR report.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-18" title="">[19]</a></sup> On August 7, 2006, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a> auction house announced it was handling the sale of the remaining four works by Klimt that were recovered by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Altmann" title="Maria Altmann">Maria Altmann</a> and her co-heirs after their long legal battle against Austria (see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Austria_v._Altmann" title="Republic of Austria v. Altmann">Republic of Austria v. Altmann</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt" title="Gustav Klimt">Gustav Klimt</a> completed in 1907. Klimt took three years to complete the painting. It measures 138 x <st1:chmetcnv unitname="cm" sourcevalue="138" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">138 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimetre" title="Centimetre">cm</a> and is made of oil and gold on canvas, showing elaborate and complex ornamentation as seen in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a> style. Klimt was a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a>, a group of artists that broke away from the traditional way of painting. The picture was painted in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and commissioned by Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer<sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_of_Adele_Bloch-Bauer_I#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a></sup>. As a wealthy industrialist who had made his fortune in the sugar industry, he sponsored the arts and favored and supported Gustav Klimt. Adele Bloch-Bauer became the only model who was painted twice by Klimt when he completed a second picture of her, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Bloch-Bauer_II" title="Adele Bloch-Bauer II">Adele Bloch-Bauer II</a></i>, in 1912.</st1:chmetcnv></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHxiRmw0i6cfAddP6rT5oRIXwzD3JFrhTwt70Am9j8V6VPqCZBLlC_QjQ9hXFxfZvaZnhS3VjnXgrCV_wVdQEmyDuStgpGv8n3acjA7FSu60YiLI7-Eo1lShwjvk0F42oSSGZ7j3KW15ei/s1600-h/Klimt+Portrait+of+Adele+Bloch-Bauer+II+%281912%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 244px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHxiRmw0i6cfAddP6rT5oRIXwzD3JFrhTwt70Am9j8V6VPqCZBLlC_QjQ9hXFxfZvaZnhS3VjnXgrCV_wVdQEmyDuStgpGv8n3acjA7FSu60YiLI7-Eo1lShwjvk0F42oSSGZ7j3KW15ei/s400/Klimt+Portrait+of+Adele+Bloch-Bauer+II+%281912%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271075981344628994" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><st1:chmetcnv unitname="cm" sourcevalue="138" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on"><i><o:p></o:p></i></st1:chmetcnv></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Portrait of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_Bloch-Bauer_II" title="Adele Bloch-Bauer II">Adele Bloch-Bauer II</a> was sold at auction in November 2006 for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$88 million</span>.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-19" title="">[20]</a></sup> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">'<a href="http://wahooart.com/A55A04/w.nsf/Opra/BRUE-6E3TEY">Birch Forest</a>' (1903) sold for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$40.3 million</span>,<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-20" title="">[21]</a></sup> and
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakZmcq7izkVpTXGc71Nz9YdFQL6pzb3eus-xVlbn0XkxBHvbGiozoODZu2hGvTo1oR5blQ3tyqtyu_57aocMdRWDhdM2Fduk1LnUUsp7_ZGXEXEp-EbBaek_xymPY6asauBUuZlhUBXTj/s1600-h/Klimt+-+Birch+Forest.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 380px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakZmcq7izkVpTXGc71Nz9YdFQL6pzb3eus-xVlbn0XkxBHvbGiozoODZu2hGvTo1oR5blQ3tyqtyu_57aocMdRWDhdM2Fduk1LnUUsp7_ZGXEXEp-EbBaek_xymPY6asauBUuZlhUBXTj/s400/Klimt+-+Birch+Forest.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271075690457458946" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">'The Apple Tree I (<a href="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/B/Klimt,+Gustav:+Apfelbaum+I">Apfelbaum I</a>)' (ca. 1912) sold for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$33 million</span>, <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:13;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://topofart.com/artists/Gustav_Klimt/art_reproduction/2665/Apple_Tree_I.php" target="_blank">Apple Tree I</a> (1911; 464x463pix, 101kb)
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwQqv6cr77KHROCC93TWZ4lsMCKDfiKThAq8ScT_vbo-9-1q238_BEYKyyBcCgibNlwQRTchyCl_m65XwkU00dmS-1k9Tj2exJsVjZfScgzrFwOMjJg9g4Jy9Djc4CpV_LWnBqP4tWbbXg/s1600-h/Klimt+-+Apfelbaum+I.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 398px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwQqv6cr77KHROCC93TWZ4lsMCKDfiKThAq8ScT_vbo-9-1q238_BEYKyyBcCgibNlwQRTchyCl_m65XwkU00dmS-1k9Tj2exJsVjZfScgzrFwOMjJg9g4Jy9Djc4CpV_LWnBqP4tWbbXg/s400/Klimt+-+Apfelbaum+I.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271075412467891282" border="0" /></a>
<br /><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">'<a href="http://www.daylife.com/photo/07Fbf8gaRZ1uy">Houses in Unterach on Lake Atter</a>' (1916) sold for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$31 million</span>.
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi80yHhAHo6kh7v9yfAv_DWUUmKwys1b7BD_mHjk8hQVfq7CZDkD4qrIHMaW6boS6JFozU8oSbwOfu98p4c_TmbE6iheS-x3ZRTjZXVksF3813Ll0cVaCKNbeqdrNVbUUZlY-Uz30rVzjlb/s1600-h/Klimt+1916+Houses+in+Unterach+on+Lake+Atter.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 340px; height: 350px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi80yHhAHo6kh7v9yfAv_DWUUmKwys1b7BD_mHjk8hQVfq7CZDkD4qrIHMaW6boS6JFozU8oSbwOfu98p4c_TmbE6iheS-x3ZRTjZXVksF3813Ll0cVaCKNbeqdrNVbUUZlY-Uz30rVzjlb/s400/Klimt+1916+Houses+in+Unterach+on+Lake+Atter.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271075269937112610" border="0" /></a>
<br />
<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.daylife.com/photo/07Fbf8gaRZ1uy"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="DE">Houses in Unterach on Lake Atter</span></a></span></b><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"> (1916; 424x400pix, 30kb) _ Häuser in Unterach am Attersee: Seit 1897 verbrachten Klimt, Emilie Flöge [1874-1952] und ihre Familie die Sommer außerhalb Wiens – ab 1900 war das Ziel dieser Sommerfrischen der im oberösterreichischen Salzkammergut gelegene Attersee. Die während dieser Sommermonate entstandenen Landschaftsbilder belegen gleichermaßen Klimts großes und unablässiges Interesse an der Landschaftsmalerei wie auch seine stilistische und malerische Entwicklung.</span><b style=""><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:13;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Gustav_Klimt_028.jpg" target="_blank"><span style="" lang="DE">Kirche in Unterach am Attersee</span></a></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:13;" lang="DE"> (1916; 600x581pix, 94kb _ </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:13;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Gustav_Klimt_028.jpg" target="_blank"><span style="" lang="DE">ZOOM</span></a></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:13;" lang="DE"> to 2090x2024pix, 446 kb) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Collectively, the five restituted paintings netted over <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$327 million</span>.<sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Klimt#cite_note-21" title="">[22]</a></sup><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><strong><span style="line-height: 300%; font-weight: normal;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/bildbetrachtungen/klimt_bildbetrachtung_hell.html"><b>Der Kuss</b></a> (1907-8) <o:p></o:p></span></strong></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7mzkQOQLCGMK7WLBe1pExasHbQul4m7u0WLUF423_PKsqc93LB8Jf9APpvx5OY5HoGmVXb67HrAeAGXdsaSmRbmwgjwg6yccCOz5HjaBV6Uki5BVI-FgKhOM-X49dKDnbWEe3cLAmtonC/s1600-h/Klimt+Der+Kuss+1907-1908.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 398px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7mzkQOQLCGMK7WLBe1pExasHbQul4m7u0WLUF423_PKsqc93LB8Jf9APpvx5OY5HoGmVXb67HrAeAGXdsaSmRbmwgjwg6yccCOz5HjaBV6Uki5BVI-FgKhOM-X49dKDnbWEe3cLAmtonC/s400/Klimt+Der+Kuss+1907-1908.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271075086282991106" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Maße: 180 x 180 cm. Technik: Öl auf Leinwand<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Ort: Wien, Österreichische Galerie<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Bildbetrachtung von Susanne Hell <o:p></o:p></span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/downloads/klimt_kuss.jpg" target="_blank"><span style="" lang="DE">Großansicht</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> (694 KB) für Detailansichten<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/liebesgedichte/der_kuss.html"><span style="" lang="DE">Linktipp:</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> Liebesgedichte bei <a href="http://onlinekunst.de/">http://onlinekunst.de</a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/p-forum/showthread.php?id=701"><span style="" lang="DE">Diskussion</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> über Klimt im <a href="http://onlinekunst.de-forum/">http://onlinekunst.de-Forum</a><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Das Auge des Betrachters sieht ein Paar, versunken in einem Kuss. Die Welt scheint ausgeblendet. Sie kniet vor ihm – auf einer Blumenwiese? Oder vielmehr am Rande des Abgrunds? Zumindest sehen wir die Wiese nicht als tragenden, Sicherheit verheißenden Grund für beide. Durch die Gestalt der Geliebten wird die Wiese begrenzt, die hinter ihr einer steil abfallenden Klippe gleicht, hinter der tödlicher Absturz lauert. Die Wiese ist nicht der Boden, der die Geliebte trägt und dennoch korrespondieren die Blumen mit denen ihres Gewandes; vielleicht wird hier die Hoffnung angedeutet, die sie aus der Einsamkeit, aus dem Nichts, aus dem sie kommen mag, erlösen könnte. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Der Geliebte – groß, stattlich, umhüllt mit einem prächtigen, goldenen Gewand. Das Efeu in seinem Haar erinnert an den Lorbeerkranz des Helden – selbstbewusst, sieggewohnt. Er mag die Geliebte zu sich hingezogen, ihr bedeutet haben: Betritt auch du den Grund, der mich trägt. Die Blumen des Bodens auf dem ich stehe, sollen auch zu deiner Freude blühen. Ich biete dir meine liebende Hand, baue du darauf auf… Und sie mag gezaudert haben, denn die Einsamkeit, in die man sich einrichtet, birgt auch Sicherheiten. Sich zu öffnen, damit verletzbar zu werden, sich auszuliefern, fordert ihr noch zu viel ab und so kniet sie vor ihm nieder, lässt sich von ihm umfangen, die Augen geschlossen, den inneren Blick auf die Sehnsucht gerichtet, die sie immer noch suchen lässt.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Sie kann ihre Angst noch nicht loslassen, ihre angespannte Körperhaltung verrät es allzu deutlich. In die Richtung des Geliebten hält sie ihr Gesicht, aber es ist ihm nicht wirklich zugewandt. Ihre Schultern sind hochgezogen, eckig, fast knöchern, Abstand einfordernd. Die Weichheit der Hingabe mag sie noch nicht schenken. Der Geliebte dehnt seinen Kopf weit zu ihr hin, umfängt mit beiden Händen ihr Gesicht und erreicht mit seinem Kuss ihre Lippen dennoch nicht.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Ihre Hand hält seine rechte Hand fest und verhindert so die Berührung der Lippen. Ihre rechte Hand liegt auf seiner Schulter, verkrampft, gekrümmt, als zwinge sie sich zu dieser Geste. Loslassen – die schwerste Übung, die die Liebe für uns bereit hält. Sie mag spüren, dass sie diese Hürde noch meistern muss, um wehrlose Hingabe zu ermöglichen. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Und der Geliebte? Spricht aus ihm der Eroberer? Oder möchte er die Angebetete vielmehr in seinen Schutz hineinnehmen? Der Maler deutet es mit der Ausdehnung seines Gewandes an, dass er wie einen Umhang um sie legt. Dass beide Gewänder keine rechte Abgrenzung mehr zueinander wahrnehmen lassen, dass ein „im-anderen-aufgehen“ hier angedeutet wird, der Betrachter mag es als Hoffnung an die Zukunft in sich aufnehmen.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Autorin: Susanne Hell</span></em><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"> <strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 148, 144);">Kommentar von onlinekunst.de:</span></strong> Besonders schön fanden wir, dass sich die Autorin sehr in die Szene hineingefühlt hat und fast ohne Formalangaben das Bild sehr detailliert in Worten wiedergibt.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 148, 144);font-size:14;" lang="DE">Linktipp: </span></strong><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Weitere Bildbetrachtungen von </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/bildbetrachtungen/klimt_bildbetrachtung_sattler.html"><span style="" lang="DE">Heidemarie Andrea Sattler</span></a></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"> und einige </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.onlinekunst.de/bildbetrachtungen/klimt_bildbetrachtung_verschiedene.html"><span style="" lang="DE">Kurzbetrachtungen</span></a></span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Klimt Links<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistInfo/artist/623/lang/2" title="http://www.artfacts.net/index.php/pageType/artistInfo/artist/623/lang/2"><span style="" lang="DE">Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> bei artfacts.net<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.bam-portal.de/searchExpert.do?action=search&query=Gustav+Klimt" title="http://www.bam-portal.de/searchExpert.do?action=search&query=Gustav+Klimt"><span style="" lang="DE">Informationen zu Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> im </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAM-Portal" title="BAM-Portal"><span style="" lang="DE">BAM-Portal</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="https://portal.d-nb.de/opac.htm?index=tit&term=&operator=and&index=num&term=118563289&operator=and&index=num&term=&operator=and&index=sw&term=&operator=and&index=jhr&term=&index=wvn&reihe=none&jahrgang=08&heft=*&method=enhancedSearch" title="https://portal.d-nb.de/opac.htm?index=tit&term=&operator=and&index=num&term=118563289&operator=and&index=num&term=&operator=and&index=sw&term=&operator=and&index=jhr&term=&index=wvn&reihe=none&jahrgang=08&heft=*&method=enhancedSearch"><span style="" lang="DE">Literatur von und über Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> im Katalog der </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek" title="Deutsche Nationalbibliothek"><span style="" lang="DE">Deutschen Nationalbibliothek</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> </span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=118563289" title="http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=118563289"><span style="" lang="DE">Datensatz zu Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> • </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=4.1/SET=4/TTL=1/PRS=PP%7F/PPN?PPN=118563289" title="http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=4.1/SET=4/TTL=1/PRS=PP%7F/PPN?PPN=118563289"><span style="" lang="DE">PICA-Datensatz</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k459399.htm" title="http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.k/k459399.htm"><span style="" lang="DE">Eintrag über Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> im Österreich-Lexikon von </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeiou_%28Nachschlagewerk%29" title="Aeiou (Nachschlagewerk)"><span style="" lang="DE">aeiou</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://podster.de/episode/365063/download/2007_06_18_16_14_02_podcast_radiowissen_130707_a.mp3" title="http://podster.de/episode/365063/download/2007_06_18_16_14_02_podcast_radiowissen_130707_a.mp3"><span style="" lang="DE">Audioporträt über Leben und Werk von Gustav Klimt auf Bayern2Radio – radioWissen</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Klimt,+Gustav" title="http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/A/Klimt,+Gustav"><span style="" lang="DE">Werke von Gustav Klimt</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"> bei </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno.org" title="Zeno.org"><span style="" lang="DE">Zeno.org</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.klimt-archive.com/" title="http://www.klimt-archive.com/"><span style="" lang="DE">Gustav Klimt Archiv</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.belvedere.at/" title="http://www.belvedere.at/"><span style="" lang="DE">Weltweit größte Klimt-Gemäldesammlung im Oberen Belvedere</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.klimt.at/de/default.asp" title="http://www.klimt.at/de/default.asp"><span style="" lang="DE">Gustav Klimt Verein</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.leopoldmuseum.org/" title="http://www.leopoldmuseum.org"><span style="" lang="DE">Leopold Museum Wien</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.klimtgustav.de/" title="http://www.klimtgustav.de">Biographie, Werke und Literatur</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-19675526701215794582008-11-20T20:28:00.000-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.429-08:00Woman I-VI<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" 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text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionism">Abstract Expressionism</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_III" title="Woman III"><span style="" lang="NL">Woman III</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="NL"> (1951-3) </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning"><span style="" lang="NL">Willem de Kooning</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="NL">(1904-1997) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a> (1904-1997)</span></h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkzBjVSqHSFp8xDQShBYLp_mS7mWYTnDjEW3SA6kpjvttwR2TCPBN71mnZZxYZ-cTwB98wHNnrtALeiTRkz6kFZ7osFqrYWqEMP-jSl_AhLv_N2ns34LNsBRDnI6Gb-BLBuWnEya1klhF/s1600-h/Willem+de+Kooning+%281904-1997%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 372px; height: 280px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwkzBjVSqHSFp8xDQShBYLp_mS7mWYTnDjEW3SA6kpjvttwR2TCPBN71mnZZxYZ-cTwB98wHNnrtALeiTRkz6kFZ7osFqrYWqEMP-jSl_AhLv_N2ns34LNsBRDnI6Gb-BLBuWnEya1klhF/s400/Willem+de+Kooning+%281904-1997%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964981858280306" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/kati.buigues/NewYorkLaTourDArgent#5226304733071456866">Woman I</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbEmIj4DVTCu-MmYsg7aZHti_aZRifQSNmtFENcig22F0z68_P6ahjBmKZhSo7lf2x4be_jItx6rWDit_0XJdmkacicCByDmmJXYWs8nYSI03682zb1d_1LW2bpZOwL8_zBP-nP685y6n9/s1600-h/Woman+I+Willem+de+Kooning.JPG"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbEmIj4DVTCu-MmYsg7aZHti_aZRifQSNmtFENcig22F0z68_P6ahjBmKZhSo7lf2x4be_jItx6rWDit_0XJdmkacicCByDmmJXYWs8nYSI03682zb1d_1LW2bpZOwL8_zBP-nP685y6n9/s400/Woman+I+Willem+de+Kooning.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964889559315986" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.artinthepicture.com/paintings/Willem_de_Kooning/Woman-II/">Woman II</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7GiUUsKWXN3aFYy7bb54wcavDI4m4GrklRW8GKB3Z2_cA2lXRshAlMxOBTofJ8n_FXX5ij6opp0my3KntJD06NPihKQ636f8qBiOo2anEAZqNf8-2bCgPY2AM2sJgkvAZTn8V_oZOwmEJ/s1600-h/Woman+II+1952+Willem+de+Kooning.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 290px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7GiUUsKWXN3aFYy7bb54wcavDI4m4GrklRW8GKB3Z2_cA2lXRshAlMxOBTofJ8n_FXX5ij6opp0my3KntJD06NPihKQ636f8qBiOo2anEAZqNf8-2bCgPY2AM2sJgkvAZTn8V_oZOwmEJ/s400/Woman+II+1952+Willem+de+Kooning.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964760810619234" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://blog.empas.com/creins/read.html?a=25703797&c=816790">Woman III</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvSmXRY5XW97lAI7lBf0iGkrwrf-ACsAYtOUaYdG1IZBnudT6QMnmQez2hvN_uLGkd6danHgCS9DrVg_a-E44Hdvd6rxQ5kGAqODVKQY6PRGLlQ4VEaUpYE9lnUoXBa7uQNXISM8bRStel/s1600-h/Woman+III+Willem+de+Kooning.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 280px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvSmXRY5XW97lAI7lBf0iGkrwrf-ACsAYtOUaYdG1IZBnudT6QMnmQez2hvN_uLGkd6danHgCS9DrVg_a-E44Hdvd6rxQ5kGAqODVKQY6PRGLlQ4VEaUpYE9lnUoXBa7uQNXISM8bRStel/s400/Woman+III+Willem+de+Kooning.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964606640979778" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Woman III</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> is a painting by abstract <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionist" title="Expressionist">expressionist</a> painter <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a>. Woman III is one of a series of six paintings by de Kooning done between 1951 and <st1:chmetcnv unitname="in" sourcevalue="1953" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">1953 in</st1:chmetcnv> which the central theme was a woman. It measures 68 by 48 1/2 inches (<st1:chmetcnv unitname="m" sourcevalue="1.7" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">1.7 m</st1:chmetcnv> x <st1:chmetcnv unitname="m" sourcevalue="1.2" hasspace="True" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">1.2 m</st1:chmetcnv>) and was completed in 1953.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">In November 2006, the painting was sold by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a> to billionaire <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_A._Cohen" title="Steven A. Cohen">Steven A. Cohen</a> for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$137.5 million</span>, making it the second most expensive painting ever sold. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://flickr.com/photos/hanneorla/1444124847/">Woman IV</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPGBjIE9P-WmnMBx2GWsjdAv_9kA4FGn54qZ-PyAKwrZ_nmWB6VnDJuNUHYVOBe1IrOEiNKarAl2nj5DJV526uFF6xXU9La7lqYOJ4NcbqoAuumJUqxWiP8rO_e27RtcYvIJu-cKGryZn9/s1600-h/Woman+IV+1953+Willem+de+Kooning.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPGBjIE9P-WmnMBx2GWsjdAv_9kA4FGn54qZ-PyAKwrZ_nmWB6VnDJuNUHYVOBe1IrOEiNKarAl2nj5DJV526uFF6xXU9La7lqYOJ4NcbqoAuumJUqxWiP8rO_e27RtcYvIJu-cKGryZn9/s400/Woman+IV+1953+Willem+de+Kooning.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964129921936674" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://mjdondlinger6400.wordpress.com/2007/10/14/woman-change-role-playingrain-when-i-die/">Woman V</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipz93KC2aMocl84DVc4l3V64tvMZspKhC2j_Ua4dJ6UOwAPS_ToX-ZwO6qbZq0VuOFy1A0ZKimr5SxgSmc56-M5TOg-Gph5L_D78aId6x8ScUmCfsGZPcz-3FwutcJVvw2Ae4m_JWWpdO9/s1600-h/Woman+V+%281952-53%29++Willem+de+Kooning+National+Gallery+of+Australia.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 256px; height: 350px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipz93KC2aMocl84DVc4l3V64tvMZspKhC2j_Ua4dJ6UOwAPS_ToX-ZwO6qbZq0VuOFy1A0ZKimr5SxgSmc56-M5TOg-Gph5L_D78aId6x8ScUmCfsGZPcz-3FwutcJVvw2Ae4m_JWWpdO9/s400/Woman+V+%281952-53%29++Willem+de+Kooning+National+Gallery+of+Australia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270964003328399746" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.warhol.org/ru/app_dekooning.html">Woman VI</a></span></h4><h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglfBQLjDVQc-3AfQXwPskIPCIyJ4t7FrJj2RsrIyl3tlu-BVi6LoUlufxTtQvOKc7g8WoTNM7Qtz7w2c__9JqO3JUo4OwvBDOFxQdx_LOGx6YuIRWwWmPdPLpbzhzoNXYY2P8aojTF8nOI/s1600-h/Woman+VI.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 342px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglfBQLjDVQc-3AfQXwPskIPCIyJ4t7FrJj2RsrIyl3tlu-BVi6LoUlufxTtQvOKc7g8WoTNM7Qtz7w2c__9JqO3JUo4OwvBDOFxQdx_LOGx6YuIRWwWmPdPLpbzhzoNXYY2P8aojTF8nOI/s400/Woman+VI.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270963880700056194" border="0" /></a><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/18/arts/design/18pain.html?ex=1321506000&en=9406bad47cfaf903&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/18/arts/design/18pain.html?ex=1321506000&en=9406bad47cfaf903&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss">New York Times article</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/kuspit/kuspit3-6-07_detail.asp?picnum=1" title="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/kuspit/kuspit3-6-07_detail.asp?picnum=1">Artnet image page</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_de_Kooning" title="Elaine de Kooning">Elaine de Kooning</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impasto" title="Impasto">Impasto</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_art" title="Women in art">Women in art</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_III" title="Woman III">Woman III
<br /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h4 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:4; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt; font-weight:normal;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </p><h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2006/10/12/arts/12geff_CA1.ready.html"><span style="" lang="NL">Police Gazette</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="NL">1955 </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning"><span style="" lang="NL">Willem de Kooning</span></a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="NL">(1904-1997)
<br /></span></h4><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdtkoOwN7vQhwI9warmcJBvoomIpYbLNVTYIYx7x0JAiu4TK_-_l6odapqCXIHSH8y92HYZNuXCMEaSFM1WQbToxAdzSm8wRe7euBNw0SAKCVRyBjajy2_1SQ36phGKNnx6AUQOOrZz6Gq/s1600-h/Police+Gazette+1955+Willem+de+Kooning+%281904-1997%29.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 337px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdtkoOwN7vQhwI9warmcJBvoomIpYbLNVTYIYx7x0JAiu4TK_-_l6odapqCXIHSH8y92HYZNuXCMEaSFM1WQbToxAdzSm8wRe7euBNw0SAKCVRyBjajy2_1SQ36phGKNnx6AUQOOrZz6Gq/s400/Police+Gazette+1955+Willem+de+Kooning+%281904-1997%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271084981951313202" border="0" /></a>
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">David Geffen sold <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a>'s "<a href="http://www.saatchi-gallery.co.uk/blogon/drupal/node/3784">Police Gazette</a>" for <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$63.5 million</span> to Mr. Cohen, the founder and manager of SAC Capital Advisors in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Stamford</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Conn.</st1:state></st1:place><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<br /><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> <o:p></o:p></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-39160811875798430792008-11-20T18:09:00.001-08:002008-11-26T14:08:21.431-08:00Abstract Expressionism
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="chsdate" downloadurl=""></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionism">Abstract Expressionism</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmzSF32JkXl7WBHJDECyt7DcQbbcCmU12XU4momqJExUD63g9T0QNmgbaVkrQkllopFuKr72M9IIdUFfWKljAra1xArT_CVAXwp79x08zZecwel-Yb7y27j28wdixefyP2y8lsxUxsD7No/s1600-h/No+5+1948+Jackson+Pollock.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 245px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmzSF32JkXl7WBHJDECyt7DcQbbcCmU12XU4momqJExUD63g9T0QNmgbaVkrQkllopFuKr72M9IIdUFfWKljAra1xArT_CVAXwp79x08zZecwel-Yb7y27j28wdixefyP2y8lsxUxsD7No/s400/No+5+1948+Jackson+Pollock.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270928193509932162" border="0" /></a></h3><h3><i><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._5,_1948">No. 5, 1948</a> </span></i><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a> (1912-1956)
<br /></span></h3><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55QOwiq2j7Omsmir-FJ-Pfu73HpSadjjdW-qqGy2KRP9PJmrEu67ssTe3aHH58cLVBknRqkd6Y9MR0lNvfXOem0Uxpt3jdTTvEkjwPFlARpG5iw6tAAYiTHAQqIAGCzL33ENsJznJLOtC/s1600-h/Jackson+Pollock+%281912-1956%29+abstract+expressionism.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 370px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55QOwiq2j7Omsmir-FJ-Pfu73HpSadjjdW-qqGy2KRP9PJmrEu67ssTe3aHH58cLVBknRqkd6Y9MR0lNvfXOem0Uxpt3jdTTvEkjwPFlARpG5iw6tAAYiTHAQqIAGCzL33ENsJznJLOtC/s400/Jackson+Pollock+%281912-1956%29+abstract+expressionism.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270928855701684578" border="0" /></a>
<br />
<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">No. 5, 1948</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">abstract</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a>), an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> painter known for his contributions to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionist" title="Abstract expressionist">abstract expressionist</a> movement.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">According to a report in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>, the painting was sold by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen" title="David Geffen">David Geffen</a>, founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geffen_Records" title="Geffen Records">Geffen Records</a> and co-founder of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamworks_SKG" title="Dreamworks SKG">Dreamworks SKG</a>, to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Martinez" title="David Martinez">David Martinez</a>, managing partner of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fintech_Advisory&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fintech Advisory (page does not exist)">Fintech Advisory</a> Ltd, in a private sale for a record <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>-adjusted price of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">$140 million</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_2-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No._5,_1948#cite_note-Time-2" title="">[3]</a> <o:p></o:p></sup></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_paintings" title="List of most expensive paintings">List of most expensive paintings</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://www.post-trib.com/news/123108,PollackArt.article" title="http://www.post-trib.com/news/123108,PollackArt.article">Financier splashes out $140m for Pollock work</a>", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Tribune" title="Post-Tribune">Post-Tribune</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/news/artmarketwatch/artmarketwatch11-3-06.asp" title="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/news/artmarketwatch/artmarketwatch11-3-06.asp">Art Market Watch</a>". Artnet (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>). Retrieved on <st1:chsdate year="2006" month="11" day="8" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False" st="on">2006-11-08</st1:chsdate>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/02/arts/design/02drip.html?adxnnl=1&ref=arts&adxnnlx=1163031599-revbGMuaIhdTP4qLonq8BA" title="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/02/arts/design/02drip.html?adxnnl=1&ref=arts&adxnnlx=1163031599-revbGMuaIhdTP4qLonq8BA">A Pollock Is Sold, Possibly for a Record Price</a>", <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6111526.stm" title="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6111526.stm">Pollock work 'earns record price'</a>", <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20061112-9999-1n12mexweek.html" title="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20061112-9999-1n12mexweek.html">The Week in Mexico</a>", <i>San Diego Union-Tribune</i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).<span style="display: none;"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">"<a href="http://canberra.yourguide.com.au/detail.asp?class=news&subclass=general&story_id=528424&category=General&m=11&y=2006" title="http://canberra.yourguide.com.au/detail.asp?class=news&subclass=general&story_id=528424&category=General&m=11&y=2006">Our Poles world's top-priced painting?</a>", <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://naples.cc.sunysb.edu/CAS/pkhouse.nsf" title="http://naples.cc.sunysb.edu/CAS/pkhouse.nsf">Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.pkf.org/" title="http://www.pkf.org">Pollock-Krasner Foundation</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A4675&page_number=1&template_id=6&sort_order=1" title="http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A4675&page_number=1&template_id=6&sort_order=1">Pollock art at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_works_129_0.html" title="http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/artist_works_129_0.html">Pollock collection at Guggenheim NY site</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/pollock/" title="http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/pollock/">Pollock on Museum Web Paris</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.lawforart.com/pollock.html" title="http://www.lawforart.com/pollock.html">Pollock and The Law</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.comtogether.com/art/miscpix/pollock.htm" title="http://www.comtogether.com/art/miscpix/pollock.htm">Pollock, sculpture by Robert Arneson, 1983</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/index.htm" title="http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/index.htm">National Gallery of Art web feature, includes highlights of Pollock's career, numerous examples of his work, photographs and motion footage of Pollock, plus an in-depth discussion of his 1950 painting <i>Lavender Mist</i>.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.nga.gov.au/International/Catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=36334&MnuID=2&GalID=1" title="http://www.nga.gov.au/International/Catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=36334&MnuID=2&GalID=1"><i>Blue Poles</i></a>- at the NGA<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://smarthistory.org/blog/55/jackson-pollock-one-number-31-1950-1950-moma/" title="http://smarthistory.org/blog/55/jackson-pollock-one-number-31-1950-1950-moma/"><i>One. Number 31, 1950</i></a>- smARThistory<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://materialscience.uoregon.edu/taylor/art/info.html#Recent_Publications" title="http://materialscience.uoregon.edu/taylor/art/info.html#Recent_Publications">Fractal Expressionism</a> – the fractal qualities of Pollock's drip paintings.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.harley.com/art/abstract-art/" title="http://www.harley.com/art/abstract-art/">Understanding Abstract Art</a>- by Harley Hahn<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2219685,00.html" title="http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/news/story/0,,2219685,00.html">Ed Pilkington, <i>Pollock cache may have been painted after artist's death,</i> The Guardian, 30 November 2007</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/findingaids/polljack.htm" title="http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/findingaids/polljack.htm">Jackson Pollock Papers at the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://wikilivres.info/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="wikilivres:Jackson Pollock">Works by Jackson Pollock</a> (public domain in <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-33987331237950896842008-11-19T10:55:00.001-08:002008-11-19T11:17:05.370-08:00Society for Neuroscience<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h2 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:2; font-size:24.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h3 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/">Society for Neuroscience</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=core_concepts">Neuroscience Core Concepts</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ndgo.net/sfn/nerve/" target="_blank">Neuroscience Education Resources Virtual Encycloportal</a> (NERVE) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">History of Neuroscience <a href="http://www.sfn.org/?pagename=HistoryofNeuroscience_main" popup_sr_swc="_SELF">online resources</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_chrolongical" target="_SELF">Brain Briefings</a> - A newsletter exploring clinical applications of neuroscience<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainFacts&section=publications" popup_sr_swc="_SELF">Brain Facts</a> - A primer on the brain and nervous system. Download the new edition!<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainResearchSuccessStories" popup_sr_swc="_SELF">Brain Research Success Stories</a> - A series describing neuroscience advances and the impact of federal funding<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/?pagename=Nexus_fullHTML" popup_sr_swc="_SELF">Neuroscience Nexus</a> - SfN's biweekly e-newsletter, November 7 issue<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/?pagename=neuroscienceQuarterly_08fall_main" popup_sr_swc="_SELF">Neuroscience Quarterly</a> - SfN's member newsletter, Fall 2008 issue<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=annualReport&section=about_SfN" target="_self">Annual Report</a> - SfN's FY2008 report<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=core_concepts"></a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-20878201136973861762008-11-16T08:03:00.000-08:002008-11-16T14:51:30.097-08:00Right Brain Dendrite<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsim1FsXkeeAbiHvINx_pJ72qYXXPc6IYOMlICAJWOBt9WQA7GEztS1h0-Je281W_HcrCRtRsJN_b4hbdIn3WYKT04UVBp8uND7oIOVWrxnSvYAv4hqynkX4LHdanMr3Lj5Aws5lIWySL9/s1600-h/Right+Brain+Neuron+Broader+Association.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 380px; height: 275px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsim1FsXkeeAbiHvINx_pJ72qYXXPc6IYOMlICAJWOBt9WQA7GEztS1h0-Je281W_HcrCRtRsJN_b4hbdIn3WYKT04UVBp8uND7oIOVWrxnSvYAv4hqynkX4LHdanMr3Lj5Aws5lIWySL9/s400/Right+Brain+Neuron+Broader+Association.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5269287042220248674" border="0" /></a>
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C25%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Right vs. Left Brain Dendrite<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://eideneurolearningblog.blogspot.com/2006/06/right-brain-difference-complex-story.html">The Right Brain Difference: The Complex Story in Our Brains</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">there is an evolving scientific story that suggests that the "right-brain" difference reaches down to the individual neuronal level. <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Dendritic trees in right hemispheric language regions extend widely, while the processes on the left don't extend very far.</span> If we were to think that right-brain thinking involves expanding the range of possibilities, histologists might say - that's it exactly.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-48665969002160163032008-11-16T06:33:00.000-08:002008-11-16T14:51:30.098-08:00Brain for Grammar<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOFu1hyCkhhQ4BECGIUZAkyKatflKWxl0fptiEhSWlnjo-uDGmPlMdWqhrI46AlY9c0kX3woQK10EjtFMDwgbI_95-Nwo4C4ct_rsKvveELfbXSE_JDs6p9Gfphv6uOSwFO81P29uGZzg/s1600-h/Brain+Processing+Simple+and+Complex+language+structures.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 389px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyOFu1hyCkhhQ4BECGIUZAkyKatflKWxl0fptiEhSWlnjo-uDGmPlMdWqhrI46AlY9c0kX3woQK10EjtFMDwgbI_95-Nwo4C4ct_rsKvveELfbXSE_JDs6p9Gfphv6uOSwFO81P29uGZzg/s400/Brain+Processing+Simple+and+Complex+language+structures.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5269264426605540754" border="0" /></a>
<br /><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C17%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:標楷體; panose-1:3 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:script; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@標楷體"; panose-1:3 0 5 9 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:script; mso-font-pitch:fixed; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h3 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:18.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} span.tx {mso-style-name:tx;} span.e {mso-style-name:e;} span.abtx {mso-style-name:abtx;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h3><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.mpg.de/english/illustrationsDocumentation/documentation/pressReleases/2006/pressRelease20060216/">Evolutionary Traces for Grammar</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/?p=169#more-169">Brain Processing Simple and Complex Language Structure</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="tx"><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-size:14;" lang="DE">Angela D. Friederici</span></span><span class="tx"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">, Jörg Bahlmann, Stefan Heim, Ricarda I. Schubotz, Alfred Anwander. </span></span><span class="e"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">The brain differentiates human and non-human grammars: Functional localization and structural connectivity. </span></span><span class="abtx"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">PNAS, Early Edition, February 6, 2006 <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="tx"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">By a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">simple linguistic task</span> is meant that one can comprehend the probability that a certain word, e.g. an article, comes before another word, e.g. a substantive or a verb. For example it is much more likely to find an expression such as "<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">a book</span>" than one like "<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">an eat</span>". Such a rule can also be understood by primates.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="tx"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">On the other hand a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">complex linguistic structure</span>, such as a sentence, involves a more complicated <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">hierarchical composition of words</span>. For example to understand a sentence such as "<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">I take the bus from A to B</span>" one is required to organize the words in more complex relationships. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="tx"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Researchers have now found that this task is done by a different area of the brain, the Broca's Area, which appeared later in the development of the brain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="tx"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">The non-human primates' inability to deal with complex hierarchical linguistic structures had been previously demonstrated by behavioral tests. Angela D. Friederici and her colleagues from the Max Plank Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences wanted to get a grip on the neuronal basis of the difference.</span></span><span class="tx"><span style="" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-84149857062882591292008-11-16T06:02:00.000-08:002008-11-16T14:51:30.099-08:00Genie<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CGoethe%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C15%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="chmetcnv" downloadurl=""></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:spaceforul/> <w:balancesinglebytedoublebytewidth/> <w:donotleavebackslashalone/> <w:ultrailspace/> <w:donotexpandshiftreturn/> <w:adjustlineheightintable/> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:usefelayout/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:新細明體; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-alt:PMingLiU; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} @font-face {font-family:"\@新細明體"; panose-1:2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:136; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 137232384 22 0 1048577 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:新細明體; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h2 {mso-style-next:內文; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:300%; mso-pagination:none; page-break-after:avoid; mso-outline-level:2; font-size:24.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} h3 {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:3; font-size:13.5pt; font-family:新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family:新細明體;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} /* Page Definitions */ @page {mso-page-border-surround-header:no; mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Genie (1957-1970-) The Feral Child<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Secrets of The Wild Child (1997) This documentary takes a look at a young girl named Genie who was completely secluded from the outside world by her parents. The program focuses on her rehabilitation at the hands of expert – <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7lEocPcyuA" target="_top">Secrets of The Wild Child [1] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">10’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/h7lEocPcyuA&hl=zh_TW&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/h7lEocPcyuA&hl=zh_TW&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecRyu8dAGjk" target="_top">Secret of the Wild Child [2] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">10’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t7rF3chPWw" target="_top">Secet of the Wild Child [3] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">10’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rArsh7u_Kz0" target="_top">Secret of the Wild Child [4] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">10’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS1s_IGwVAA" target="_top">Secret of the Wild Child [5] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="10" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">10’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzxW2DtcJag" target="_top">Secret of the Wild Child [6] </a><span style=""> </span><st1:chmetcnv unitname="’" sourcevalue="5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0" st="on">5’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.feralchildren.com/en/listbooks.php?bk=nova">http://www.feralchildren.com/en/listbooks.php?bk=nova</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4383282893105615109.post-67182813006043888222008-11-16T04:28:00.000-08:002008-11-16T14:51:30.100-08:00Language Genes<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQPyvXoprQA1U3QFm9oqoCbHZQJaX5UJ79v9WvJHgGPE1eG35d0tpvO-DKV9dvsjZ74eVmZmRfHUuR3R2kFBk3pByr9suO-mN8UwmBS3YH8a1iIeILgON2J9f0XWB1xI5wQZg-q7SlucN/s1600-h/FOXP2+KE-Family_pedigree_01.png"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 283px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQPyvXoprQA1U3QFm9oqoCbHZQJaX5UJ79v9WvJHgGPE1eG35d0tpvO-DKV9dvsjZ74eVmZmRfHUuR3R2kFBk3pByr9suO-mN8UwmBS3YH8a1iIeILgON2J9f0XWB1xI5wQZg-q7SlucN/s400/FOXP2+KE-Family_pedigree_01.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5269234099857362322" border="0" /></a>
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mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <h1><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Language Genes <o:p></o:p></span></h1> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Lenneberg (1967) <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXP2">FOXP2</a> (1996-2001)<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNTNAP2">CNTNAP2</a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB"> (Nov. 5, 2008) (Contactin associated protein-like 2)<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Domain-Specificity of Language Gene?<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE">Lenneberg (1967) <o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Gutzmann (1916)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Orton (1930)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Luchsinger (1959)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Arnold (1961)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;">Brewer (1963)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Lenneberg (1967) pp. 248-254<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB">FOXP2 (1996-2001)<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/News/2003/Features/WTD004683.htm">The FOXP2 Story</a> 1996-2001<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">A single <a href="http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd020797.html"><span style="font-weight: normal;">family with speech abnormalities</span></a> may hold one of the keys to the origin of human culture </span></strong><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The trail to the new gene, known as FOXP2, began in <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">1996</span> when <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Professor Monaco</span> was approached by clinicians working at the <st1:placetype st="on">Institute</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Child Health</st1:placename> in <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">London</st1:city></st1:place> who had been treating a unique family with a severe speech and language disorder (the 'KE' family). Unlike all the other families with speech and language disorders that Professor Monaco's group was studying at the time - in which the disorder is inherited in a complicated way due to the interplay of many different genetic factors - the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">KE family's disorder was inherited in a simple fashion and as the result of a defect in a single gene</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">About half the family, which spans three generations, suffer from the disorder. "They have <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">trouble controlling fine movements in the lower half of their face</span>, and this gives them problems when making the complicated sounds necessary for speech," explains Dr Fisher. In addition to this problem, they have a variety of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">problems in both spoken and written language and grammar</span>. "For example," says Dr Fisher, "if you ask them to write down as many words as they can think of beginning with a particular letter, they don't do very well - and that <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">defect is clearly not related to articulation</span>."<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Dr Fisher</span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"> and <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Cecilia Lai</span>, a colleague in Professor Monaco's laboratory, embarked on the hunt for the defective gene in the KE family and successfully tracked it down with the help of molecular signposts or 'markers' to a region on chromosome 7 containing between 50 and 100 genes. "We went through every candidate gene in the region relating to brain function," says Dr Fisher, "looking through 20 and keeping another 50 or so on the backburner." Then the trawl was cut short by a stroke of luck.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="line-height: 200%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">"We were on the look-out for individuals with a speech disorder who had a chromosomal abnormality," explains Dr Fisher, "because there is a history of these being involved in the mapping of single gene disorders such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</a> (</span><span style="line-height: 200%;font-family:標楷體;font-size:14;" >杜顯氏肌肉萎縮症</span><span style="line-height: 200%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">)." Quite independently, however, a patient was referred to Professor Monaco's group by a local clinician who noted the strong resemblance between her patient's speech problems and those of the unrelated KE family. The problems in the patient, known as '<span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">CS</span>', were associated with a chromosomal abnormality in which large segments from the ends of two different chromosomes had swapped around. One of the chromosomes involved was chromosome 7 and the breakpoint appeared to be close to the region implicated in the KE family.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Perhaps one of the most fascinating lines of research opened up by the discovery of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">FOXP2 is the evolutionary origins of speech and language</span>. "FOXP2 stands out," says Dr Fisher. "It's very unusual from an evolutionary point of view." <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">FOXP2</span></i><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">, and a speech and language disorder (<a href="http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/1003/1"><i>Science</i>NOW</a>, 3 October 2001) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/%7Esimon/SPCH1/index.shtml">Pedigree diagram</a> showing inheritance of a severe speech and language disorder in the KE family <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">KE family</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"> pedigree: <span style="color:navy;">GENETICS OF A SEVERE SPEECH & LANGUAGE DISORDER </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/%7Esimon/FOXP2/index.shtml">FOXP2 in neurological development</a><o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Predicted structure of a forkhead box motif, found in the FOX group of transcription factors. The red mark shows the position of a <a href="http://www.blogger.com/FOXP2%20Mutation.jpg">mutation in FOXP2</a> that is the cause of severe speech and language deficits in a large 3-generation family. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1512">The genes behind learning to speak</a> (Dr Simon Fisher)<o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">FOXP2 is involved in controlling development in different parts of the body, including lung, intestines and cardiovascular tissue, as well as the brain. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">FOXP2 belongs to a group of genes that control the developmental programs of cells by switching on or off other genes. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2192969.stm">First language gene discovered</a> BBC News, </span><span class="date"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Wednesday, 14 August, 2002<o:p></o:p></span></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2008/paabo.php">Svante Pääbo</a> (1955-) <a href="http://gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2008/paabo-lecture.php">Watch Svante Pääbo's presentation</a> 1h <st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="24" unitname="’" st="on">24’</st1:chmetcnv> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Mouse FOXP2 <st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="’" st="on">40’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="True" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="48" unitname="’" st="on">-48’</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">Robin Dunbar 1h<st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="4" unitname="’" st="on">4’</st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="”" st="on">40”</st1:chmetcnv><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">With <a href="http://gustavus.edu/events/nobelconference/2008/paabo.php">Svante Pääbo</a><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">'s group in Leipzig</span>, he has found that just <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">two amino acids</span> distinguish the FOXP2 protein in humans from the protein in our closest relative, the chimpanzee, and that these amino acids have persisted unchanged in modern humans. FOXP2 appears to have been selected during recent human evolution – sometime within the last <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">200 000 years</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.evolutionpages.com/FOXP2_language.htm"><em><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FOXP2</span></em> and the Evolution of Language</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">27th June 2005: That experiment has just been reported. (Shu et al, <i><a href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1160518">Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the FOXP2 gene</a> </i>(7). They report that: 'Disruption of both copies of the Foxp2 gene caused <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">severe motor impairment, premature death</span>, and an <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">absence of ultrasonic vocalizations</span> that are elicited when pups are removed from their mothers. Disruption of a single copy of the gene led to modest developmental delay but a significant <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">alteration in ultrasonic vocalization</span> in response to such separation. Learning and memory appear normal in the heterozygous animals. <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Cerebellar abnormalities</span> were observed in mice with disruptions in Foxp2, with <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purkinje_cell">Purkinje cells</a></span> particularly affected. Our findings support a role for Foxp<st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="2" unitname="in" st="on">2 in</st1:chmetcnv> cerebellar development and in a developmental process that subsumes <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">social communication functions</span> in diverse organisms.' <o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16369568?dopt=Abstract">The eloquent ape</a>: genes, brains and the evolution of language. </span><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Fisher%20SE%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Fisher SE</span></a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=Search&Term=%22Marcus%20GF%22%5BAuthor%5D&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Marcus GF</span></a>. <a href="javascript:AL_get(this,%20'jour',%20'Nat%20Rev%20Genet.');">Nat Rev Genet.</a> 2006 Jan;7(1):9-20. <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">FOXP2 Truncation as a Novel Cause of Developmental Speech and Language Deficits <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNTNAP2">CNTNAP2</a></span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB"> (Nov. 5, 2008) (Contactin associated protein-like 2)<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/news.shtml">Genetic study</a> provides new insights into molecular basis of language development (Nov. 5, 2008) <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">Scientists have identified the first gene that is associated with a common childhood language disorder, known as <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">specific language impairment (SLI)</span>. The gene – <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNTNAP2">CNTNAP2</a> (</span><b><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Contactin associated protein-like 2</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">) – has also been recently implicated in autism, and could represent a crucial genetic link between the two disorders.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">Although most children acquire proficient spoken language almost automatically and with little conscious effort, a significant number develop unexplained difficulties in producing and understanding language. SLI is the most common such disorder, affecting up to <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">7% of pre-school children</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">In a study published today (Nov.5, 2008) in the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">New England Journal of Medicine</span>, researchers at the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford</span>, discovered that particular variants of the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">CNTNAP2 gene</span> were significantly associated with language deficits in a large sample of families with SLI.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">"It has long been suspected that inherited factors play an important role in childhood language disorders," says <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;"><a href="http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/%7Esimon/">Dr Simon E. Fisher</a></span>, a Royal Society Research Fellow at the Wellcome Trust Centre, who led the <a href="http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/%7Esimon/Fisher_group.shtml">research</a>. "But this is the first time that we have been able to implicate variants of a specific gene in common forms of language impairment." <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">The trail to this new finding began with studies of another language-related gene, called <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">FOXP2</span>, previously found to be mutated in rare cases of a <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">severe speech and language disorder</span>. <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">Versions of FOXP2 are found in many animals, including primates, birds, bats and mice.</span> In <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">birds</span>, for example, it has been linked to <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">song</span>, in <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">mice</span> to <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">learning of sequences of movement</span>, and in <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">bats</span> it may relate to <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">echo-location</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">FOXP2 acts to regulate other genes in the brain, switching them on and off. Dr Fisher and colleagues began analysing human neurons grown in the laboratory in order to search for these target genes. They identified CNTNAP2 as a key part of the network. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">When the scientists went on to investigate <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">CNTNAP<st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="2" unitname="in" st="on">2 in</st1:chmetcnv> 184 families with common language impairments</span>, they found that children who carried certain variants of the gene displayed reduced language abilities, most strikingly for a measure of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">nonsense-word repetition</span> that is known to be a strong indicator of SLI.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">Recent studies have also implicated <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">CNTNAP<st1:chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="2" unitname="in" st="on">2 in</st1:chmetcnv> autism</span>, a syndrome characterised by communication deficits, impaired <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">social interaction</span>, and <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">repetitive behaviours</span>. In particular, one investigation uncovered an association between variants of CNTNAP2 and <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">delayed language development in children with autism</span>.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">"Our findings suggest that similar changes in the regulation or function of this gene could be involved in language deficits in both SLI and autism," says Dr Fisher. "This supports the emerging view that autism involves the convergence of a number of distinct problems underpinned by different genetic effects."</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;font-size:14;" lang="EN-GB">Professor Dorothy Bishop</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">, a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow at the <st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename st="on">Oxford</st1:placename></st1:place>, who specialises in the study of children's communication impairments, comments: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">"All too often parents of language-impaired children are blamed for their children's difficulties, even though the evidence has been around for a while that genes are implicated. These are important yet neglected disorders that can have long term effects on educational and social outcomes. This landmark study provides an important first step in unravelling the complex biological factors that determine susceptibility to language difficulties."</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">It is not yet known exactly how changes to CNTNAP2 interfere with language development, but there are some tantalising clues. <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">The gene makes a type of protein called a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurexin">neurexin</a></span> ( <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755801">1</a> <a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v6/n7/abs/nn1074.html">2</a> ), which sits in the membranes of neurons, controlling interactions between different cells during the development and wiring up of the nervous system. In early development, the protein appears to be strongly expressed in parts of the human brain which go on to become important for language processing, such as the frontal lobes.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">The researchers are now investigating whether variations in CNTNAP2 contribute to natural variation in linguistic abilities in the general population.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;">"Genes like CNTNAP2 and FOXP2 are giving us an exciting new molecular perspective on speech and language development, one of the most fascinating but mysterious aspects of being human," says Dr. Fisher "There are likely to be more answers buried in our genome. This work promises to shed light on how networks of genes help to build a language-ready brain."</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/wt-gsp110308.php">Eurekalert</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/wt-gsp110308.php"><span style="" lang="DE">http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-11/wt-gsp110308.php</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE4A4B5N20081105">Reuters 5 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE4A4B5N20081105"><span style="" lang="DE">http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE4A4B5N20081105</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1105/4">Science Online 5 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1105/4"><span style="" lang="DE">http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/1105/4</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="DE"><a href="http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38326/title/A_genetic_pathway_to_language_disorders">Science News 5 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="DE"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38326/title/A_genetic_pathway_to_language_disorders"><span style="" lang="DE">http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/38326/title/A_genetic_pathway_to_language_disorders</span></a></span><span lang="DE" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092857.ece">Times Online 6 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092857.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092857.ece</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092839.ece">Times Online 6 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092839.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092839.ece</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092883.ece">Times Online 6 November</a>: <o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092883.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article5092883.ece</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-11-06-voa47.cfm">Voice of America 6 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-11-06-voa47.cfm">http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-11-06-voa47.cfm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/HealthSci/Gene_behind_language_disorder/articleshow/3680935.cms">Times of India 6 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/HealthSci/Gene_behind_language_disorder/articleshow/3680935.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/HealthSci/Gene_behind_language_disorder/articleshow/3680935.cms</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h4><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/102d7a98-ac6f-11dd-bf71-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1">Financial Times 7 November</a>: </span><span style="line-height: 300%;font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></h4> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;"><a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/102d7a98-ac6f-11dd-bf71-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1">http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/102d7a98-ac6f-11dd-bf71-000077b07658.html?nclick_check=1</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">CNTNAP2 & LDB1 <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">“<em>Genome-wide analyses of human perisylvian cerebral cortical patterning</em>” by Abrahams <em>et al</em>., <a href="http://originsgenomeresources.net/musings/go.php?http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706128104" target="_blank" title="(No click)">(DOI)</a> who examined human gene expression in frontal vs. superior temporal cortex at a developmental period where neurogenesis and neuronal migration are particularly active. The authors went looking for differential gene expression during a critical developmental time point <em>and</em> in a critical brain region - since the superior temporal cortex is an area that is reliably activated by linguistic tasks as well as social cognition tasks. According to the article, a total of 345 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 61 enriched and 284 down-regulated in superior temporal cortex across two microarray platforms, with 13 genes identified by both microarray array platforms. One of the genes identified is <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">LDB1</span>, a regulator of the asymmetrically expressed <em>LIM domain-only 4</em> (LMO4) a known <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">mediator of calcium-dependent transcription in cortical neurons</span> and known to regulate <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">thalamocortical connectivity</span>. Another gene, <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">CNTNAP2</span>, a member of the <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">neurexin transmembrane superfamily of proteins</span> that mediate cellular interactions in the nervous system has been previously associated with autism. Both of these genes seem to have important developmental roles and should provide access to the fine-scale wiring that occurs during the development of neural networks involved in language.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:14;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <h2><span style="line-height: 300%;font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Domain-Specificity of Language Gene?<o:p></o:p></span></h2> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:14;">domain-general ancestral inheritance and domain-specific adaptations<o:p></o:p></span></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://brainethics.wordpress.com/2006/10/22/the-gene-genie/">The gene genie</a> October 22, 2006 by <a href="http://brainethics.wordpress.com/author/" title="Posts by martinskov">martinskov</a> <o:p></o:p></span></h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">When it was announced in <em>Nature</em> in 2001 that the linguistic disorder displayed by members of an English family known as KE could be traced back to a mutation of a certain gene, FOXP2, <a href="http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/">Steven Pinker</a> heralded this result as “the dawn of cognitive genetics”. While we are still a long way from being able to link cognitive mechanisms to the function of specific genes, it is certainly true that researchers, these days, are coming increasingly closer to understanding how the genome interfaces with the neural processes underlying cognitive behaviour. Among the many fundamental questions genomic studies are starting weigh in on is how brains have changed in evolutionary lineages, development, and individual differences in cognitive behaviour.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">For those interested in this exiting research a number of recent overviews will be of interest. First, the great science journalist <a href="http://scienceblogs.com/loom/">Carl Zimmer</a> has <a href="http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0611/feature4/">a fantastic story</a> in the new (November) issue of <em>National Geographic</em> outlining how evolution forges new complex structures. While Zimmer’s piece doesn’t focus on the evolution of the brain per se, it is a good primer on how evolution in general moves forward by “modifying old genes for new uses and even reusing the same genes in new ways” - i.e., descent with modification, as Darwin called it.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">The <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol313/issue5795/index.dtl">September 29 issue</a> of <em>Science</em> contained a special section of papers on <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/genomicevolution/">how genes build the body</a>. It contains, among other fine articles, a very nice story by Elisabeth Pennisi, <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/313/5795/1908">“Mining the molecules that made our minds”</a>, on current research into the genetics of human brain evolution.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">In the October issue of <em>Nature Neuroscience</em> you can find four review papers on the role played by genes in various developmental disorders. <a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v9/n10/abs/nn1772.html">Galaburda et al.</a> treats developmental dyslexia, <a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v9/n10/abs/nn1770.html">Happé, Ronald & Plomin</a> looks at autism, and <a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v9/n10/abs/nn1765.html">Belmonte & Bourgeron</a> deal with Fragile X sydrome. Finally, <a href="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v9/n10/abs/nn1766.html">Gary Marcus and Hugh Rabagliati</a> argues that neither strict modularity, nor a general domain approach, is the right way to understand the relation between genes and behaviour: “On the one hand, descent with modification argues against ’sui generis modularity,’ according to which modules are treated as independent neurocognitive entities that owe nothing to one another; on the other hand, it suggests that exclusive study of overlapping “generalist” contributions is likely to miss some of the most important evolutionary contributions. On this view, language must be understood as the joint product of <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">domain-general ancestral inheritance</span> and <span style="background: yellow none repeat scroll 0% 0%; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;">domain-specific adaptations</span>.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:14;" lang="EN-US">Finally, I should mention that the special issue of <em>Cognition</em> on <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_cdi=4908&_pubType=J&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1e26c8ee5d9acca1b6454fb2a5d0e731">“Genes, brain and cognition”</a> - which I have mentioned earlier - has now been published (October 2006 issue). Its 7 papers will serve anybody from the cognitive sciences well who are interested in knowing more about the relation between genetics and cognition.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Neuroscientisthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01696622711979524679noreply@blogger.com0