Resources for Communication Problems

Showing posts with label Glossary. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Glossary. Show all posts

Sunday, August 31, 2008

Brain Glossary

Brain Glossary

BBC’s Brain Glossary from Society for Neuroscience

Monday, February 25, 2008

NC475G郁文

NC475G郁文

( terminal bouton ~ tissue plasminogen-activating agent )

terminal bouton 突觸囊泡

Nerve end synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters.

位於神經末梢,內含神經傳導物質。

補充資料:

顯微鏡彩色圖片及說明,附屬連結有特寫圖片http://medstudy.webmd.idv.tw/histo/display.php?ID=NTY=#pic

testosterone 睪固酮

Male sex hormone produced by the testicle. Promotes the development of sperm and sexual characteristics.

由睪丸間質細胞分泌的男性賀爾蒙,可促使精子成熟、保持男性特徵。

補充資料:

睪固酮晶體(光學顯微鏡) http://chpoon.spaces.live.com/photos/cns!E5BE9DE20247462!648/
有關睪固酮分泌機制、結抗作用的網頁http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/lesson/sex.htm
睪固酮與禿頭http://www.j2h.tw/bbs/bbs13/1405.html

thalamic syndrome 丘腦症候群

Symptoms of transient hemiparesis and loss of superficial and deep sensation with preservation of crude pain in the hypalgesic (reduced sensitivity to pain ) limbs secondary to infarction of the posteroinferior thalamus.

症狀有短暫的半身輕癱、喪失體表與深層的痛覺、痛覺遲鈍的肢體與後下丘腦繼發性梗塞。

補充資料:

又叫Dejerine-Roussy氏症候群,於1903年由DejerineEgger首先提出。到1907年,經Roussy正式確認並命名。病因主要是丘腦膝狀動脈發生閉塞,病變部位在丘腦外側核的後半部,其症候特點是:
對側肢體運動障礙。發病時,出現轉瞬即逝的對側肢體偏癱;對側肢體的不隨意運動,或舞蹈樣,或手足徐動,其程度均輕。2.面肌癱瘓的特點是:對側面部表情運動障礙,由於丘腦至皮質下基底神經節核團反射徑路受累中斷,造成病灶對側面部分離性運動障礙:即當患者大哭大笑、情緒激動時,病灶對側面部表情喪失,呈現面肌癱瘓征,但如果同時令患者作病灶對側的上下肢運動,並無癱瘓表現。3. 對側半身感覺障礙。4. 對側半身自發性劇痛。5. 對側半身感覺過敏或感覺過度。6. 丘腦性疼痛伴有植物性神經功能障礙。(上述資料摘錄自http://www.39kf.com/cooperate/book/02/Face_state/2006-04-16-189715.shtml)
下丘腦位置圖http://www.wisdom-health.com/howitwork_c.html

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/6/62/250px-Brain_chrischan_thalamus.jpgthalamus 丘腦

Major diencephalic structure located on either side of the third ventricle and medial to the internal capsules. Plays an important role in sensorimotor integration and projection to the cortex.

構成第三腦室側壁在上視丘與下視丘之間,為感覺系統與大腦皮質之連接站

補充資料:

維基百科─含核磁共振丘腦位置圖與拉丁字源http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E8%84%91

thermal anesthesia 溫覺缺失

Loss of temperature (Heat and cold) sensation.

喪失對溫度(冷、熱)的感覺。

補充資料:

相關病因─脊髓壓迫症http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:yLzfyRxDcmoJ:www.healthatweb.com/scripts/news/big5/enews.asp%3Fsubsortid%3D801%26MenuNum%3D4%26NewsID%3D6170%26keywords%3D%26ForAll%3DAll+%E6%BA%AB%E8%A6%BA%E7%BC%BA%E5%A4%B1+%E7%97%85%E5%9B%A0&hl=zh-TW&lr=lang_zh-TW&gl=tw&strip=1

thermal hyperesthesia 溫覺過敏

Abnormally lower threshold of sensitivity to heat and cold.

對冷、熱溫度的感覺閾值異常的低。

補充資料:

客觀感覺障礙的病因、機制、臨床表現與診斷http://guanzhu.com/disease/view/id-5898

thermal hypoesthesia 溫覺減退

Diminished sensitivity to heat and cold stimuli.

對冷、熱刺激的感覺敏感度減少。

補充資料:同前兩字彙補充

thermoreceptors 溫度受器

Receptors with sensitivity to heat and cold.

對冷、熱敏感的感覺受器。

補充資料:

皮膚感覺受器圖http://163.23.66.66/seed/03/Supply/2-1-16-1.htm

thiamine 硫胺素(維他命B1)

Essential for growth, a vitamin resent in milk and grain husks. Deficiency is associated with beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, characterized by progressive personality changes and amnesia.

為成長所必須的維他命,可由牛奶及榖類外殼獲得,若缺乏會引發腳氣病及高沙可夫症候群,會有漸進的人格改變與健忘症的特徵。

補充資料:

腳氣病﹙beriberi﹚:分為乾性﹙dry﹚與濕性﹙wet﹚兩種。乾性氣病以神經系統的傷害最為明顯,典型症狀有神經系統退化、全身神經刺痛感、手與腳部的協調不良、腿部腓腸肌(calf muscle)按壓會疼痛。濕性腳氣病以心臟的傷害最為明顯,典型症狀有心臟擴大、心臟衰竭、嚴重水腫。
高沙可夫症候群 ( Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ) 是酒精中毒引發的維生素B1缺乏症,兼有急性腦病變與慢性神病症。酗酒者通常飲食攝取極不均衡,加上酒精干擾B1的吸收,終而導致缺乏,使腦部能量不足而有嚴重的傷害。患者喪失記憶、神智紊亂、步履不穩、眼球肌肉麻痺、眼球移動失控。

third ventricle 第三腦室

Space in the diencephalons filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

為間腦(包括視丘及第三腦室之大部分)內的一個空間,內充滿了腦脊隨液。

補充資料:

腦室系統及腦脊液http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/vent_c.htm

thoracolumbar outflow 胸椎與腰椎的傳出(路徑)

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons with cell bodies in the lateral gray columns of the thoracic segments and the first two of three spinal lumbar segments.

交感節前神經與細胞體,位於胸段與脊椎腰段的前三分之二(T1-L2/3)的側灰柱(脊髓灰質柱,為神經細胞體之所在處)的部分。

補充資料:

圖片http://www.med.howard.edu/anatomy/gas/wk5/Symp_copy.gif

threshold 閾值

Value of membrance potential at which the ionic current change flows into the membrane, causing the cellular interior to become positive.

細胞膜電位在離子電流改變流入細胞內使得細胞內電位為正時的值。

補充資料:

即引起反應之最低刺激度
神經元的工作方式─動作電位、靜止膜電位、閾值http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/ap_c.html

thrombolytic agent 血栓溶解劑

Chemical agents that dissolve blood clots and restore circulation. Also included in this category is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).

一種化學藥劑,可使血塊溶解恢復血液循環,例如:t-PA (組織型纖溶酶原激活劑、組織漿質催化素)

補充資料:

血栓的預防與治療(血栓溶解劑的應用範圍) http://www.eastwestpharma.com/index3-b.html#3

thrombosis 血栓塞

Formation of a localized clot that blocks the lumen of a blood vessel.

血管內局部發生血塊阻塞了血管內通路。

補充資料:

症狀圖、血管示意圖http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2003/02/57580
血栓的分類與症狀http://www.eastwestpharma.com/index3-b.html#2

thymus 胸腺

Lymphoid structure that functions as an endocrine gland.

功能如類分泌腺的淋巴結構。

補充資料:

http://www.39kf.com/uploadfiles/image/14258/TXT-2006112222108589.jpg

胸線的介紹http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%BA

thyrotropin 促甲狀腺激素( thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH )

Thyroid trophic hormone secretes by adenohypophysis.

腦下垂體前葉分泌,促進甲狀腺活動刺激分泌甲狀腺素

補充資料:

腦下垂體位置圖、拉丁字源http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E4%B8%8B%E5%9E%82%E9%AB%94

tic 抽搐

Spasmodic involuntary twitching of muscles that are usually under voluntary control.

隨意肌發生不可控制(不隨意)的痙攣情形。

補充資料:

抽搐的症狀、病因http://blog.roodo.com/psyclinic/archives/4651669.html

tissue plasminogen-activating agent (tPA) 組織型纖溶酶原激活劑/組織漿質催化素

Drug used to restore blood circulation in acute cases of thromboembolic stroke by dissolving the atherosclerotic clot.

一種血栓溶解劑( thrombolytic agent ),借由溶解動脈中的血塊用於治療急性動脈粥狀硬化。

補充資料:

中風急救的黃金三小時 (tPA的使用) http://blog.xuite.net/tagh/blog/4811328

Sunday, February 3, 2008

NC???G吳蝶

NC???G吳蝶

Totally missing! Not even page number listed!

NC459G琦喻

NC459G琦喻

Find relevant website, pictures, animations, videos on the web, if available.

Glossary

denticulate ligaments—Fibrous ligaments attaching the spinal cord to surrounding dura mater.齒狀韌帶,由延伸在脊髓兩側的軟模型成的規則間隔。

depolarization—Changes in memebrane potentials in which the cellular interior changes from negative( resting potential) to positive.退極化、去極化,膜狀物潛能的運動趨近0 mV;極化的降低。

depression—An altered mental state characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, low self-esteem, and compulsive thoughts. Subjects also exhibit reduced motor activity, and social withdrawal. Altered autonomic functions include loss of appetite, diminished libido, and loss of internet in things considered to be significant before.臨時精神狀態或慢性精神錯亂為悲傷、寂寞、絕望、低自尊, 和自責的感覺描繪; 伴隨現象頻繁地包括心理性運動的遲延或較少鼓動、撤退從社會聯絡, 和不活潑的狀態譬如胃口和失眠損失。

dermatome—Cutaneous body region receiving most of its sensory innervation from one dorsal root ganglion, brainstem segment, or spinal nerve.皮節、皮刀、(胚胎)皮片,是切口儀器被使用為皮膚嫁接或切皮膚稀薄的片斷,是皮膚的一個地方化的區域有它的感覺通過一根唯一神經從脊髓的唯一神經根。

diabetes insipidus—Condition of excessive thirst and urination caused by inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone.尿崩症,經常叫的"水糖尿病", 水新陳代謝罕見的混亂, 為強烈的乾渴和過份排尿

diabetes mellitus—Disease in which glucose is not adequately oxidized in the body tissue because of insufficient insulin.糖尿病,人體內的胰臟不能製造足夠的胰島素,導致葡萄糖無法充分進入細胞內,血糖濃度就會升高形成糖尿病。

diadochokinesia—Ability to make rapid alternating movements of the limbs.亦作 diadochokinesis, diadokokinesia, diadokokinesis;輪替運動,即正常肌肉之快速屈伸能力。

diaphragm—Primary muscle of inspiration. Also forms a partition between the abdominal and the thoracic cavities.橫膈膜,是一大片橫躺在胸腔底部, 做為胸腔與腹腔分界的肌肉它在生理學上最重要的功能, 是做為主要的吸氣肌肉之一。橫隔膜

dichotic listening—Neuropsychological testing tool that involves simultaneous presentation of auditory stimuli to both ears. It is used for evaluating cerebral dominance.二重聽覺的傾聽,是做法常用調查有選擇性的關注在聽覺系統。在二重聽覺傾聽, 二不同聽覺刺激(通常講話) 同時被提出對參加者, 一對各個耳朵, 通常使用一套耳機。參加者請求出席一個或(在劃分注意實驗) 兩個消息。他們也許以後被詢問或者消息內容。

diencephalons—Inner part of the brain that lies between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.間腦,是前腦的尾部部分, 深陷於二大腦半球間。包括丘腦,後丘腦,上丘腦和下丘腦等組成。間腦

diffusion—Temperature-based movement of molecules from a region of high cincentration to an area of low concentration, resulting in a balanced distribution.擴散,分子或離子的任意運動或小顆粒在解答或懸浮在brownian (熱量) 行動的影響之下往一致的發行在可利用的容量過程中; 速度是相對地迅速在液體和氣體之中, 但非常慢慢地發生在固體之中。

diffusion tensor imaging—MRI technique that evaluates the pathology of the white matter in the CNS by measuring movement and directionality of water molecules in the axonal tract.磁振擴散張量影像,擴散張量想像(DTI) 是一個相當新磁共振圖像技術。它顯示擴散(即任意mortion 水分子在組織。擴散比在方向垂直是大的在方向沿結構在tisssues(e.g. 白色問題在腦子或肌肉裡) 對它(參見圖1) 。擴散是非均質性的。擴散為擴散張量描繪, 是一個相稱3x3 矩陣。

diffusion weighted imaging—Measures the diffusion of water in tissues ( apparent diffusion, based on Brownian motion).磁振擴散權重影像,是導致生物組織的活體內圖像被衡量以水擴散的 地方微結構特徵的一種具體磁共振圖像(MRI) 形式。三個梯度方向是應用, 充足估計擴散張量或' 平均擴散性能的' 蹤影, 腫鼓一個想像措施。臨床, 追蹤被衡量的圖像證明非常有用診斷血管衝程在腦子, 由早檢測(在兩三分鐘內) 缺氧 腫鼓。

digital subtraction angiography—Imaging technique comparing an X-ray image of an artery before and after an intravenous injection of a contrast substance.數位化血管攝影檢查機、又稱為DSA是利用電腦處理數位化的影像資訊,以消除骨骼和軟組織影的減影技術,是新一代血管造影的成像技術。

diopter—Unit used for measuring the refractive power of the eye, which is reciprocally related to the focal distance.屈光度,又稱為焦度;是量度透鏡屈光能力的單位。焦距f的長短標誌著折光能力的大小,焦距越短,其折光能力就越大,近視的原因就是眼睛折光能力太大,遠視的人則折光能力太弱。

diphenylhydantoin ( phenytoin, Dilantin)—Commonly used drug for treating seizure disorders.二苯妥因,為抗癲癇治療藥物,能提高神經元的興奮閾值,抑制癲癇發作。可單獨使用,也可和primidonecarbamazepine等倂用。副作用包括行為改變、運動失調、語無倫次、心智混亂、肝功能障礙等。

diplopia—Pathologic condition of double vision by which a single object is seen as being two objects.兩眼的中心凹接收不同的像,無法將其融合成單一像,從而出現雙重像,稱為複視。斜視患者未出現單眼抑制時,往往會出現複視。

disequilibrium—Impaired balance marked by unsteady gait, with the body wavering toward the site of lesion during locomotion.不穩定、又稱失衡;缺乏穩定或平衡,失去情緒或身體的平衡。

disjunction—Separation of bivalent chromosomes during anaphase.對的正常分離染色體在anaphase(細胞分裂第三期) 階段成熟分裂I II

diuresis—Excessive secretion and output of urine. Commonly seen in diabetes mellitus.尿的排泄;通常表示異常地產生大量的尿。

diurnal—Occurring every day.每日的、白天的、一日間的。

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)—Double-stranded molecular structure containing and organism’s genetic information.又稱去氧核醣核酸。 染色體存在於細胞核中,而細胞核去氧核醣核酸及組蛋白兩種化學物質所組成,組蛋白為球狀結構。

dominant inheritance—Genetic expression mode in which a dysfunctional allele possessed by on parent dominates the second allele from the other parent. Each offspring has a 50% probability of inheriting this dysfunctional gene and the disorder.等位基因導致同樣顯性作用是否繼承與一個同形結合的或異質結合的等位基因的繼承。當個體患有體染色體顯性遺傳疾病,會有50%的機率將此突變基因遺傳給每個子女(而發生疾病),而另一方面,子女將不會被遺傳到此突變基因的機率也是50%

dopamine—One of the inhibitory neurotransmitters secreted by neurons om the brainstem. Its increased and decreased secretion is associated with schizophrenia and Parkinsonism, respectively.杜巴氨,或是多巴胺。這是一種腦部分泌的分子,其功用為腦部的訊息傳導。以口語來說,腦部受到外部刺激,可能是物理性或化學性,腦部會分泌多巴胺,具有多巴胺受體的部分接受到多巴胺訊息,就會有情緒上的反應,通常是興奮或愉快,另外會有生理反應如心跳加速、血壓升高等。是一種腦內分泌,可影響一個人的情緒,幫助細胞傳送脈衝的微小化學物,同時也是醫治憂鬱症的藥物。

Saturday, February 2, 2008

NC476G俊廷

NC476G俊廷

Find relevant websites, pictures, animations, or videos on the web, if available.

Glossary (Vein~ Visceral functions)

Vein靜脈

Vessel that transports circulated blood from the body to the heart.

運送血液從身體至心臟的血管。

Venous sinus system 靜脈竇

Veins and sinuses responsible for draining blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

排出血液跟腦脊髓液的血管。

Ventral 腹面的

Location below the point of reference or the bottom of a brain structure.

位於參考點下或腦結構底部。

Ventral horn 脊髓腹側角

Ventral region of the spinal cord that houses motor neurons.

脊髓的腹側區域蓋住的神經元。

Ventral root 腹根

Bundle of motor fibers that originates from the spinal ventral horns.

起源於脊髓腹角的運動神經束。

Ventral spinocerebellar tract 腹側脊髓小腦徑

Pathway that mediates unconscious proprioception from the lower limbs to the cerebellum.

從低部的肢臂到小腦的路徑,傳遞間接無意識的本體感覺。

Ventricles 腦室

Intertconnected brain cavities that produce, store, and circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.

互相聯繫腦室的產出、貯存,以及腦脊液循環。

Vermis 蠕蟲體

Midline structure of the cerebellum.

小腦中線結構。

Vertebra 脊椎骨

Segment of spinal bone.

脊骨的部份。

Vertebral basilar system 椎骨基部系統

Vascular network that serves the brainstem and occipital lobe.

腦幹和枕葉的血管網路。

Vertex

Hightest point of the dorsal surface of the head.

頭的背面最高點。

Vertigo 眩暈

Sensation that one’s body or outer word is rotating in space.

一個人感覺外在世界的空間在旋轉。

Vesicle (brain) 胞;泡;囊

Subdivisions of the embryonic neural tube, each with a wall of neuroectoderm and a cavity.

胚芽期神精管分支,神經外胚層細胞壁以及腔。

Vestibular apparatus 內耳前庭器

Part of the inner ear responsible for detecting head motion.

內耳的一部份,負責偵測頭部運動。

Vestibular nerve 前庭神經

Division of cranial nerve VIII, which serves equilibrium and, indirectly, ocular movement.

第八對腦神經分支,負責平衡和間接眼睛運動。

Vestibular system 前庭系統

Brain mechanism responsible for maintaining equilibrium.

負責維持平衡,為大腦物理機制

Vestibule 前庭

Cavernous part of the inner ear, consisting of the utricle and saccule, which contain sensory organs needed to facilitate reflect control of static equilibrium.

內耳凹狀部份,由橢圓囊跟球囊組成,

Vestibulocochlear nerve (Vestibuloacoustic nerve) 前庭耳蝸神經

Cranial nerve VIII, serving audition and equilibrium.

第八對腦神經,負責聽覺跟平衡。

Vestibulospinal tract 前庭脊髓徑

Fibers that descend from the vestibular nuclei to the spinal motor neurons and regulate posture.

前庭到脊髓運動神經元和的神經。

Viscera 內臟(複數)

Internal organs of the ventral body cavity.

腹腔內部的器官。

Visceral 鰓弓

Vital organs of the body that have nonstriated muscles, such as the larynx, pharynx, trachea, and lungs. Innervated by the autonomic nervous system and relates to respiration, phonation, and digestion.

身體內重要的器官,無橫紋肌,像是喉、咽、氣管、肺。自律神經系統神經分布和呼吸、發聲、消化有關。

Visceral afferent system內臟傳入系統

General sensation from the inner visceral organs.

從內臟器官來的普通感覺。

Visceral efferent system 內臟傳出系統

Autonomic nervous system regulating glandular secretion and visceral structure functions.

自律神經系統調整腺體分泌作用和內臟結構功能。

Visceral functions內臟功能

Activities of the muscles of respiration, digestion, swallowing, phonation, and speech.

呼吸、消化、吞嚥、發聲、和說話的肌肉活動。

NC464G子倫

NC464G子倫

Find relevant websites, pictures, animations, videos on the web, if available.

課本後面的術語 P.464 kinesthesiaP.465 leptomeninges

kinesthesia—Internal awareness of the range and direction of limb movements.

《名》運動感覺,(對位置,壓力,運動之感覺). 肢體運動時內在的感覺

Klinefelter syndrome---Male chromosomal disorder in which the individual has an additional X chromosome (47,XXY). Characterized by genital abnormalities and mental retardation.

《名》Klinefelter徵候群,(性染色體異常XXY,睪丸萎縮,無精蟲乳房脹大,智能低,身體長,體毛女性化)

圖片補充:http://www.thirdage.com/healthgate/Images/si55551770_ma.jpg

Kluver-Bucy syndrome---Behavioral syndrome that results from bilateral ablation of the amygdala and surrounding temporal tissues. Characterized by indiscriminate eating, oral exploration, fearlessness, loss of aggression, psychic blindness, and hypersexuality.

《名》Kluver-Bucy徵候群,(他是導因於扁桃腺兩側和周圍組織的切除,會有沒有限制的狂吃,口語的探索,害怕感,缺乏衝勁,莫名的行為,還有性慾極強等行為)

圖片補充:

http://www.medscape.com/content/2002/00/44/43/444337/art-444337.fig.jpg

Korsakoff syndrome---Disorder characterized by amnesic symptoms, confusion, and memory impairment caused by nutritional deficiency owing to chronic alcoholism. Also called Korsakoff psychosis, which evolves from untreated Wernicke encephalopathy.

《名》Korsakoff徵候群,(一種酒精性精神病,因缺少維生素B1引起之多發性神經炎及腦病,方向顛倒,空想,易受外界刺激,記憶力很差)

圖片補充:

http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=paq.02.00010.fig_1.jpg

labyrinth---Interconnecting and communicating bony and membranous cavities in the inner ear, including the semicircular ducts, vestibule, and cochlea.

《名》迷路,(:內耳之迷路)

圖片補充:

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=14302&rendTypeId=4

labyrinthine disease---Inner ear dysfunctions characterized by deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting.

《名》內耳的疾病,會有耳聾,耳鳴,眩暈噁心感,想吐。

圖片補充:

http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/images/Engorged.jpg

labyrinthitis ---Inflammatory condition of the inner ear clinically characterized by hearing impairment and vertigo.

《名》內耳迷路炎。會有發炎的現象,臨床上的特徵為聽力損失和眩暈感

圖片補充:

http://www.american-hearing.org/images/vestibular-nerve-labeled-cd.jpg

lacrimal---Related to tears.

《形》流淚的

lacrimal gland---Secretory cells in the orbit responsible for the secretion of tears.

《名》淚腺。眼球的分泌細胞負責分泌眼淚。

圖片補充:

http://apps.uwhealth.org/health/adam/graphics/images/en/19671.jpg

lacunar stroke---Small multiple strokes in the thalamus and basal ganglia as a result of hypertension.

《名》陷窩的中風。因為流過視丘和基底神經節的血壓過高所造成。

圖片補充:

http://www.nature.com/jcbfm/journal/v27/n4/images/9600380f1.jpg

lamina terminalis (lamina terminalis hypothalami)---Thin plate derived from telencephalon. It is the rostral end of former neural tube. Later in development, it forms the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the cerebrum.

《名》是一個薄板來自終腦。是前方神經管在大腦胼胝體前端向下彎細之處較近喙嘴的終端。慢慢發展成大腦的第三腦室前面的壁。

圖片補充:

http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/antcom500labels.jpg

lateral---Moving away from the midline.

《形》外側的。

lateral corticospinal tract---Represents the spinal location of the crossed fibers of the corticospinal tract.

《名》外側皮質脊髓束。

圖片補充:

http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/01B.jpg

lateral geniculate body---Thalamic nucleus responsible for the transmission of visual information to the cortex.

《名》負責傳送視覺的訊息到大腦皮質。

圖片補充:

http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/vistopo.gif

laterality---Hemispheric superiority for serving language.]

《名》一側性,(身體一側,左或右,表示大腦皮質一側之優勢)

lateral lemniscus---Fibers projecting auditory impulses between the superior olivary nucleus and the inferior colliculus.

《名》 外側纖維束,(中樞神經)

圖片補充:

http://epl.meei.harvard.edu/~keh/cd846/Ll.gif

lateral spinothalamic tract---Ascending fiber bundle that mediates the sensation of pain and temperature to the brain.

《名》外側脊髓與丘腦的管道。上升的神經纖維是用來調節大腦的痛覺和溫度等感覺。

圖片補充:

http://www.painmed.com/Ap-7.jpg

lateral (sylvian) fissure---Major cortical fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

《名》外側Sylvius 裂隙,大腦外側溝。絕大多數的皮質裂隙都是從大腦前葉中隔開大腦顳葉和大腦頂葉的。

圖片補充:

http://www.indianpediatrics.net/mar2004/mar-287.gif

lateral ventricle---Largest of the ventricular cavities in the cerebral hemispheres.

《名》腦側室,(左右側腦室,呈馬蹄形經Monro氏孔通第三腦室)

圖片補充:

http://psyweb.com/Brain/Bimages/brainv0.gif

lemniscus---Collection of nerve fibers carrying similar information.

《名》繫帶,纖維束(中樞神經)。神經纖維的集合攜帶著同樣的訊息資料。

圖片補充:

http://epl.meei.harvard.edu/~keh/cd846/Ll.gif

lens---Transparent organ constructed of proteins that refracts light rays on the retina.

《名》水晶體。透明的器官由蛋白質所構成,可以在視網膜上折射光線。

圖片補充:

http://www.wcer.wisc.edu/ncisla/muse/naturalselection/materials/section2/lesson2E/handouts/eyeball.gif

lenticular fasciculus---Fiber bundle that transmits basal ganglia projections from the globus pallidus to the thalamus.

《名》晶狀體的纖維束,(描寫神經或肌纖維之聚合狀態)

圖片補充:

http://wwwk.dongguk.ac.kr/~moonis/lecture/00-BG/RGCHV018.GIF

lenticular nucleus---General term for the globus pallidus and putamen.

《名》豆狀核,(在大腦紋狀體)

圖片補充:

http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmccaffrey/syllabi/CMSD%20320/images/BasalGanglia.JPG

leptomeninges--- General term for the pia and arachnoid membranes.

《名》 軟膜蛛網膜。專有名詞,蛛網膜(在中樞神經硬腦膜與軟腦膜之間)

圖片補充:

http://www.medscape.com/content/2000/00/41/06/410672/art-smj9311.15.fig1.jpg