CA068R04.4
Below in alphabetical order is a list of all the terms and definitions that you encountered in Chapter 4. Cover the definitions with a sheet of paper, and then work your way down the list of terms, defining them to yourself as you go. Once you have gone through the list twice without an error, cover the terms and work your way down the list of definitions, providing the correct terms as you go. Repeat this process until you have worked through the list twice without an error.
以下照字母順序排列和定義的名詞都是在第四章看過的。將以下的定義用ㄧ張紙遮起來，然後開始盡自己所能將它們的定義一一寫下來。ㄧ旦你連續寫了兩次後沒有任何的錯誤，蓋起名詞項目，看定義寫出正確的名詞。重複這樣的步驟直到連續兩次都沒有出現錯誤。
CA068R01
Aggregation
聚集
The stage of neural development during which developing neurons align themselves to form the specific structures of the brain.
這個階段在神經發展的期間是發展神經元排列形成腦中特殊的構造。
相關網站：
維基-神經元(中文)
http://www.life.nthu.edu.tw/~g864264/Neuroscience/neuron/cell.htm
CA068R02
Blueprint theory
藍圖理論
The theory that axons grow to their correct targets because they are programmed to follow specific trails through the developing nervous system.
這個理論是指軸索會發展成他們正確的目標是因為在發展中的神經系統裡他們會遵循預先設定的特定痕跡發展。
相關網站：
維基-軸突(英文)
維基-軸突(中文)
撰寫人：2023嘉芸
CA068R03
Chemoaffinity theory
Chemoaffinity 理論
The theory that axons grow to their correct targets because they are programmed to follow to their source specific chemical signals released by their target cells.
一種理論說明軸突往他們的正確目標生長因為他們被編程為跟隨他們的來源，是由目標細胞發布的一種特殊信號。
Division of Molecular Neurobiology
CA068R04
Diencephalon
間腦
The posterior division of the forebrain; the area of the brain between the telencephalon and the mesencephalon.
前腦的後部區分;腦的區域在端腦和中腦之間。
Diencephalon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Forebrain
前腦
The most anterior of the three swellings that appear at the anterior end of the developing vertebrate neural tube; the prosencephalon.
三個膨脹處的最先前部分，出現在發展中的脊椎動物的神經系統的管的先前末端；即前腦。
Basal forebrain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Growth cone
生長錐
The ameba-like structure at the growing tip of each axon and dendrite; growth cones direct the growth of axons and dendrites to appropriate targets.
像變形蟲的結構在各軸突和樹突的生長頂端; 成長錐體指揮軸突和樹突的成長為適當的目標。
Neurophilosophy : The growth cone
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Hindbrain
後腦
The most posterior of the three swellings that appear at the anterior end of the developing vertebrate neural tube; the rhombencephalon.
三個膨脹處的最後端部分，出現在發展中的脊椎動物的神經系統的管的先前末端；即後腦。
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CA068R08
Hippocampi
海馬迴
Large limbic structures of the medial temporal lobes, one in each hemisphere; the hippocampi are involved in certain kinds of memory.
中間顳葉的廣大邊緣結構，在各個半球;此結構被介入在某些記憶類型。
Hippocampus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CA068R09
Mesencephalon
中腦
The midbrain; the division of the brain between the diencephalons and the metencephalon.
即中腦;對腦的區分在間腦和後腦之間。
Neurocogntive Linguistics
CA068R10
Metencephalon
後腦
The anterior division of the hindbrain; the area of the brain between the mesencephalon and the myelencephalon.
後腦的先前區分;腦的區域在中腦和末腦(腦脊髓)之間。
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Langbrain
CA068R11
Midbrain
中腦
The middle swelling of the three that appear at the anterior end of the developing vertebrate neural tube; the mesenoephalon.
三個中間膨脹處出現在發展中的脊椎動物的神經系統的管的先前末端;即中腦。
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CA068R12
Migration
遷移
The stage of neural development during which newly created neurons migrate from the region of cell division to appropriate locations in the developing neural tube.
在最近創造的神經系統期間的神經元發展階段從細胞分裂的區域移動到適當的地點在發展中的神經系統的管。
Featured Articles : Cell Migration Gateway
撰寫人：3338康政
CA069R13
Myelencephalon：延髓
The most posterior of the brain’s five divisions; the area of the brain between the metencephalon and the spinal cord .
最後方大腦的五個分裂，在後腦和脊髓之間的地方。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelencephalon
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Myelination：髓鞘
The stage of neuron development during which many axons become myelinated by glial cells .
神經膠質細胞造成軸突髓鞘化這段期間的神經元發展階段。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelination
CA069R15
Neural crest：神經冠
The vertebrate embryonic structure that is located just dorsal and lateral to the neural tube; it is formed from neural plate cells that break away as the neural tube is being formed; the neural crest develops into the PNS.
脊椎動物的胚胎結構，是在神經管的背向和側向；他是從神經板細胞形成的，如同神經管被打破而形成；神經冠發展至週邊神經系統。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_crest
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sunysb.edu/biochem/BIOCHEM/facultypages/holdener/figures/c112k/fig1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sunysb.edu/biochem/BIOCHEM/facultypages/holdener/c112k.html&h=314&w=541&sz=47&hl=zh-TW&start=10&um=1&tbnid=LGYKxD1WO9khLM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeural%2Bcrest%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DN
CA069R16
Neural groove：神經溝槽
The groove that develops down the center of the neural plate .
在神經板中心下的溝槽。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_groove
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n12/images/nrn1805-f2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n12/fig_tab/nrn1805_F2.html&h=997&w=600&sz=60&hl=zh-TW&start=5&um=1&tbnid=MyU4Vkt44pKjmM:&tbnh=149&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeural%2Bgroove%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DG
CA069R17
Neural plate：神經板
The patch of tissue on the dorsal surface of the vertebrate embryo that develops into the nervous system; in human embryos, it is first visible about 18 days following conception.
覆蓋在脊椎動物的胚胎背側表面的組織，會發展成神經系統，在人類的胚胎發育中，可在開始的第18天看到。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_plate
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/Images/NeuralPlate.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/Early_Development.html&h=284&w=343&sz=4&hl=zh-TW&start=4&um=1&tbnid=sFZxUqf8pUvCsM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeural%2Bplate%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DG
CA069R18
Neural tube：神經管
The fluid-filled tube that is formed in the vertebrate embryo when the lips of the neural groove fuse; the neural tube develops into the CNS.
充滿液體的管，當神經溝槽的唇混合時在脊椎動物胚胎形成，神經管會發展成中樞神經系統。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/miller/sketchbrain3.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/neuraldevel1.html&h=329&w=315&sz=23&hl=zh-TW&start=9&tbnid=BMHM3m0auOAc5M:&tbnh=119&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeural%2Btube%26gbv%3D2%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DG
CA069R19
Neuron death：神經元死亡
The stage of early nervous system development during which large numbers of neurons die, typically those that have not established effective synaptic contacts.
早期神經系統發展的期間，有大量神經元死亡的階段，典型上來說，都是那些沒有建立神經網路的突觸細胞。
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.reeve.uci.edu/anatomy/images/injury_4.png&imgrefurl=http://www.reeve.uci.edu/anatomy/injury.php&h=360&w=480&sz=147&hl=zh-TW&start=1&tbnid=JOvN3hR2mzxnfM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeuron%2Bdeath%26gbv%3D2%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DG
CA069R20
Olfactory bulbs：嗅球
The bulbous structures on the inferior surface of the frontal lobes one in each hemisphere; they are the first relay nuclei of the olfactory system.
在每個大腦半球額葉的前表皮上的球狀結構，他們是嗅覺系統中第一個傳遞細胞核。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_bulbs
http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000115/427.html
CA069R21
Process growth and synapse formation：突觸形成和成長過程
The stage of neural development during which axons and dendrites grow and establish synaptic contacts.
軸突和樹突成長與建立突觸連接的神經發展階段。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptogenesis
http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://web.mit.edu/flybrain/littletonlab/_borders/fly-brain.jpg&imgrefurl=http://web.mit.edu/flybrain/littletonlab/Syn%2520Form.htm&h=363&w=485&sz=37&hl=zh-TW&start=4&tbnid=wEb1Ue2F8eooeM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=129&prev=/images%3Fq%3DProcess%2Bgrowth%2Band%2Bsynapse%2Bformation%26gbv%3D2%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26sa%3DG
CA069R22
Proliferation：增殖
The stage of neural development during which many new neurons are created by cell division in the region of the neural tube adjacent to its fluid- filled inner canal.
在鄰近神經管充滿液體的管道內的地區細胞分裂，產生許多新的神經元細胞的神經發展階段。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_development_in_humans
CA069R23
Radial glial cells：放射狀神經節細胞
The temporary network of glial cells that exists in the developing neural tube only during the period of neuron migration; migrating neurons travel outward from their point of creation along this glial network.
神經節細胞暫時性的網路，存在於神經管的發展中，只在神經元遷移的週期中出現；遷移的神經元細胞會從他們出生的點沿著神經節網路旅行。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glial_cell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_glia
撰寫人：4047思婷
CA069R24
Telencephalon終腦
The most anterior of the brain’s five divisions; the anterior division of the forebrain.
最前部大腦的五個區域，前腦的前部區域。
【補充】
telencephalon (tel-en-sef-lon) [TA] The anterior division of the prosencephalon, which develops into the olfactory lobes, the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, and the subcortical telencephalic nuclei, and the basal ganglia (nuclei), particularly the striatum and the amygdala. Syn: endbrain [G. telos, end, + enkephalos, brain]
相關網站：
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon
Gray's Anatomy (1918) http://www.bartleby.com/107/pages/page817.html
相關圖片Das Gehirn Die Architektur des Gehirns www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/.../telencephalon.gif (來源：http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/phonetik/joerg/sgtutorial/architektur.html)
相關圖片www.sofiatopia.org/equiaeon/ibrain6.jpg (來源：www.sofiatopia.org/equiaeon/brainmind_brain.htm)
相關圖片Image:Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/9/91/20060918082201!Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg (來源：http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Telencephalon-Horiconatal.jpg)
[PPT] 端腦 Telencephalon 202.204.190.1/jiepou/anatomy/06courseware/17.5-%B6%CB%C4%D4.ppt
[PPT] The Telencephalon www.yymc.edu.cn/yuanxi/jcb/jpk/xjkj/telencephalon.ppt
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