Resources for Communication Problems

Showing posts with label NC Questions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NC Questions. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 2, 2008

NC377 16Q1-5佳吟

NC377 16Q1-5佳吟

QUIZ QUESTIONS CHAPTER16 總驗收 佳吟

NC377Q1 9580002琦喻

Define the following terms: adipsia, amnesia, aphagia, asphyxia, hippocampus, postganglionic, pregnagionic(定義以下的術語)

adipsia—渴感缺乏;缺乏乾渴或缺乏慾望喝。

amnesia—記憶缺失、健忘症;一個在資訊記憶被存放在長期記憶的干擾,與短期記憶對比, 出現了全部或部份沒有能力去召回過去經驗。

aphagia—吞嚥不能或是吞嚥困難;拒絕或無能吞下、沒有能力吃。從希臘前綴"a -"的意思是"" +"phago"的意思是""所以合併起來是不吃的意思。

asphyxia—窒息、悶死;在一個通風的準則下,氧氣和二氧化碳的交換被減弱或缺失,一種由吸入氧氣不足而造成的情況。

hippocampus—海馬迴;屬於邊緣系統的一部份,負責學習與記憶,在記憶和學習的腦部功能上扮演了極為重要的角色。

postganglionic—節後;末端或在神經元之後。

preganglionic—節前;位於最接近的或是接近神經元之前。

NC377Q2 9580003淑儀

Define the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems of the ANS

我們身體的內臟器官,如心臟、胃和腸,都是受自律神經系統(ANS所調控的。自律神經系統(ANS)是周邊神經系統的一部份,它控制體腔內許多的器官和肌肉。在大部分的情況下,我們是無法察覺自律神經系統的運作,因其作用仍透過非潛意識主控的反射動作進行之。舉例來說,我們不會察覺血管管徑的變化或者心跳加快。可是,有些人藉由訓練得以控制諸如心跳、血壓一類的自律神經運作。以下兩種狀況下自律神經系統的運作扮演重要的角色:1. 在造成壓力的緊急的狀況下,我們還得去選擇「迎戰」「潰退」(逃跑)2. 在處於「休息」 「消化」非緊急的狀態下。1. 的狀況即為「交感神經系統(sympathetic systems)」,下圖中是源於脊髓的交感神經系統。 特別的是,第一個神經元(節前神經元)的細胞本體位於腰椎。這些神經元的軸突投射到靠近脊髓的神經節。大部分狀況下,這個神經元與另一個神經元(節後神經元)在神經節中形成為一個突觸。有些節前神經元會延伸到較遠處之交感神經節並在此形成。節後神經元就會投射到其「標的區」-即肌肉或是腺體。 交感神經系統的另外兩個特點:交感神經系統的神經節突觸係以乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine來當神經傳導素;投射至目標器官上的節後神經元突觸則利用腎上腺素norepinephrine)為神經傳導素。 (當然,也有例外:投射至汗腺的節後神經元,所釋放的神經傳導素為乙醯膽鹼。) 2.的狀況則為「副交感神經系統(parasympathetic systems)」,副交感神經開始運作時-血壓降低,心跳減緩,啟動消化作用-而得以儲存能量。下圖中,副交感神經系統的細胞本體位於薦椎(骨區)和延腦中。在骨髓中,第三﹑七﹑九﹑十對的腦神經形成副交感神經節前纖維。來自延腦或脊髓的節前神經纖維會投射到非常靠近標的器官的神經節並形成突觸。這個突觸所使用的神經傳導素為乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine。而節後神經元則由這種神經節投射到標的器官並在末端釋出乙醯膽鹼(acetylcholine

NC377Q3 9580005 凡鈞

Describe the functions of the limbic system and name its major structures?

描述邊緣系統的功能還有主要結構的命名

NC377Q4 9580006 英仁

缺交

NC377Q5 9580007 瑞鴻

Which structure is responsible for regulating cortical arousal, cardiovascular activity, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, and coughing?

Caloric stimulation test

Test of vestibular function that involves irrigating the external auditory canal to evaluate the functioning of the labyrinth.

Monday, June 23, 2008

NC206-207 08Q1-5嘉芸

NC206-207 08Q1-5嘉芸

QUIZ QUESTIONS

NC206Q8-01-宜蒨

Define the following term astigmatism, binocular vision, focal length, lens accommodation, optic disk, papillary constriction, retinal field, visual field.

定義以下專有名詞:散光、雙眼視覺、焦距、晶體適應度、視神經盤、瞳孔收縮、網膜視野、視野。

解答:

Astigmatism:「散光」,醫學用語上稱為「亂視」。顧名思義,乃指遠方平行的光線,進入眼球屈光系統後(主要是角膜與水晶體),原本應聚焦為一點,落在視網膜上。

binocular vision:「雙眼視覺」,眼睛需要從種種的視覺跡象中,得悉空間和距離的提示,如需兩眼合用才可達到的空間信息,稱為雙目視覺。

focal length:「焦距」,視廣角的對應。焦距數值小,視廣角大,所觀察的範圍也大,但距離遠的物体分辨不很清楚;焦距數值大,視廣角小,觀察範圍小。

lens accommodation:晶體適應度。

optic disk:視神經盤。

papillary constriction:「瞳孔收縮」,正常人眼睛照光的時候,瞳孔會收縮。

retinal field:網膜視野。

visual field:「視野」,眼睛看的到的地方。

NC206Q8-02-鳳徴

Describe the refractive abnormality displayed by patients with myopia and hypermetropia.

遠處來的平行光線經過角膜及水晶體折射聚焦於視網膜之前,造成看遠處不清,看近物清楚,稱為「近視」。須戴凹透鏡矯正。

近視又可分成(1)假性近視,乃長時間看近距離的物體,睫狀肌過度收縮而引起水晶體變厚,屈光能力隨之增強所造成的短暫性近視。可用睫狀肌鬆弛劑來治療。(2)屈折性近視:乃因角膜(如因角膜病變使角膜弧度變大)或水晶體(如有白內障)之屈折力變大,使光線聚焦點落於視網膜之前。(3)軸性近視:這就是一般常見的近視,乃眼球前後徑變長,光線聚焦於視網膜之前。其成因與遺傳及環境因素都有關,而長期近距離工作為最重要之因素。

由於眼球過短,或因眼角膜、水晶體之屈折力較小,當遠處來的平行光線經角膜及水晶體折射後,聚焦在視網膜的後面造成看遠處不清,看近物更不清,稱為「遠視」,須配戴凸透鏡矯正。

相關網站:http://www.eyecareyes.tw/knowleage8.htm

NC206Q8-03-子倫 Answer?

Name each quarter and side of the visual fields for each eye in the figure.

NC206Q8-04-曣晴Answer?

Name each of the visual field defects shown in the figure.

NC206Q8-05-姵妏Answer?

Match each of the following numbered structures to its associated lettered statement .

1. sclera

2. canal of Schlemm

3. rods

4. cornea

5. choroid

6. iris

7. lens

8. ciliary body

9. fovea centralis

10. macula lutea

11. cones

a . drains aqueous humor from the anterior cavity into the venous system

b . outer layer of connective tissue that covers the eyeball

c . transparent covering of the anterior chamber and is continuous with the opaque sclera

d . supplies blood to the retina and contains melanocytes to make the eyeball opaque to stray light

e . regulates pupil size and the amount of light entering the eye

f . automatically innervated smooth muscle fibers that can reduces tension on the lens capsule

NC449-450 20Q1-6 婷婷

NC449-450 20Q1-6 婷婷

NC449-450Q 婷婷

NC449Q1承樺

Translation and explanation in Chinese?

Define the following terms: angiography, coma, CT, dichotic listening, dominant inheritance, electroencephalography, electromyography, MRI, recessive inheritance, stupor, X-linked inheritance.

Angiography

X-ray technique that involves injection of radiopaque substance for examining the structural architecture of blood vessels.

coma

State of profound unconsciousness in which the patient does not respond to respond to sensory stimuli. It is usually seen in patients with TBI and with cerebral toxicity.

CT

X-ray brain-imaging technique that provides cross-sectional images of the live brain and body in different planes.

dichotic listening

Neuropsychological testing tool that involves simultaneous presentation of auditory stimuli to both ears. It is used for evaluating cerebral dominance.

dominant inheritance

Genetic expression mode in which a dysfunctional allele possessed by on parent dominates the second allele from the other parent. Each offspring has a 50% probability of inheriting this dysfunctional gene and the disorder.

electroencephalography

Technique that records normal and abnormal electrical activity from the brain. Also used to evaluate seizure disorders.

electromyography

Visual record of muscle electrical activity during rest and spontaneous and/or voluntary movements. It is used to determine causes of muscular weakness, paralysis, and involuntary twitching.

MRI

Imaging technique that uses magnetic activity of the tissue to create clear images of the living brain and body.

recessive inheritance

Genetic mode of inheritance in which both parents transmit the same affected alleles. It results in 25% probability of this dysfunctional gene transmission from both parents and the child being affected with the condition.

stupor

Unresponsiveness from which a patient can be aroused transiently with strong and repeated stimulation.

X-linked inheritance

Genetic inheritance mode where diseases or traits are transmitted by a gene or genes on the X (sex) chromosome.

NC449Q2嘉芸

List the four major types of brain waves and their corresponding frequencies

列出四種大腦波形的主要類型和他們一致的頻率

腦波依頻率來分,大致可分為四大類:β1238赫茲)(意識)、α812赫茲)(意識與潛意識的橋樑)、θ48赫茲)(潛意識)及δ0.54赫茲)(無意識),這些意識的組合,形成了一個人的內、外在行為及學習上的表現。近代電腦科技,已可將我們的腦波透過「腦波測量機」,清清楚楚地呈現在電腦螢幕上。

NC449Q3 寬哲

List four subtypes of seizures?

1. 中央顳葉癲癇

2. 枕葉癲癇

3. 失神癲癇

抽搐性癲癇

NC449Q04 宜蒨

What is the risk probability associated with dominant inheritance

顯性的遺傳可能會有哪些風險?

答案:

若疾病是顯性遺傳,父母親之中只要有一個顯性基因,小孩之中,就有50%會得病

NC449Q5 鳳徵 Q5 is about recessive inheritance, not dominant inheritance as in Q4

What is the risk probability associated with dominant / recessive inheritance

有什麼風險與顯性遺傳有關

.顯性疾病遺傳

如與帶有相同顯性疾病因子的人結婚,有四分之三的機會生育出異常的下一代
。帶有顯性疾病因子的人與一般正常人結婚,也有二分之一的機會生育出異常的下一代。在單基因的遺傳疾病中以此類遺傳最為常見。一般為垂直遺傳(vertical tranmission )即每代皆有病。得病與性別無關,有許多的病患可能為新的突變。此異常被認為可能與父親年紀較高有關。

相關網站:

http://www1.cgh.org.tw/tw/content/depart/others/b_health/b_main_6_3_g.htm

NC450Q6子倫

Match each of the numbered techniques with its lettered concept.

electroencephalo-graphy

electromyography

sodium Amytal infusion

evoked potentials

dichotic listening

lumbar puncture

evaluation of electrical activity in muscles for diagnosing nerve and muscle diseases

recording electrical brain activity evoked in response to specific stimuli

recording of brain’s electrical potentials for diagnosing seizure disorders

determining cerebral dominance by induced hemispheric anesthetization

diagnosing CNS infections and intracerebral hemorrhages

identifying cerebral dominance using bilateral presentation of auditory stimuli

負責人不會回答!

NC163 06Q1-3莉婷

NC163 06Q1-3莉婷

NC CH6

Question

NC163Q1-珮馨 9580018

Define the following terms: diencephalon,hypothalamus ,subthalamus , thalamus,

可從p160~p161找到,間腦位置位於端腦與中腦之間,大部分被大腦兩側半球所遮蔽,呈楔形,下部與中腦相連。間腦主要分丘腦和下丘腦,細分可分為背側丘腦,上丘腦,後丘腦,下丘腦,後丘腦,下丘腦和底丘腦。下視丘是位在大腦底層,是腦幹最上層網狀結構像船首突出部位的一個組織,它的位置大概在眼窩的內側,可收集上層大腦視丘傳來的訊息並往下傳遞,也可將腦幹的訊息往大腦傳遞。視丘下核在近10年來被用於改善嚴重巴金森病(Parkinson disease, PD)之症狀。對於顫抖、僵硬、動作緩慢及藥物引起之開-(on-off)及異動(Dykinesia)等皆有顯著之治療成效。視丘是一個卵圓形結構,長約3公分、介於大腦與中腦之間、左右各一個。視丘是一個很複雜的結構,裡面包含許多神經核群與神經細胞,視丘是感覺性訊息由脊髓、腦幹、小腦等傳到大腦皮質的主要傳遞站。它也可作為某些感覺性訊息的詮釋中樞,例如對於痛覺、溫度覺、粗觸覺及壓力覺等。視丘也主司對於聽覺、視覺、味覺等訊息的詮釋與傳遞,同時,對於隨意運動功能,意識清醒狀態的維持、情緒、記憶等功能的作用,佔著極重要的角色。

NC163Q2 心妤 9580019

a. Anterior nucleus

b. Dorsomedial

c. Pulvinar

d. Ventral anterior

e. Ventrolateral

f. Ventral posterior lateral

題目圖片:http://www.wretch.cc/album/show.php?i=ohbabyst95&b=7&f=1328605689&p=8

NC163Q3-姿蓉 9580020

3. Match each of the following numbered thalamic nuclei with its associated lettered statement.

1. ventral lateral(腹側)

2. ventral anterior(腹前)

3. pulvinar(墊狀體)

4. dorsal medial(背內側)

5. anterior nucleus(前核)

6. lateral geniculate body(外側膝狀體)

7. medial geniculate body(內側膝狀體)

a. precentral gyrus(中央前回)

b. premotor cortex(運動前皮質)

c. inferior parietal lobule(頂下小葉)

d. prefrontal cortex(前額皮質)

e. cingulated gyrus(扣帶回)

f. primary auditory cortex (gyrus of Heschl)(主要聽覺皮質,Heschl腦回)

g. primary visual cortex (calcarine cortex)(主要聽覺皮質,距狀皮質)

ans1→a 2→b 3→c 4→d 5→e 6→g 7→f

NC259Q1-4 Chapt.11子倫

NC259Q1-4 Chapt.11子倫

NC259Q1~NC259Q4 收集人:曾子倫

NC259Q1 負責人:康政 9580038

Define the following terms:atrophy, hyporeflexia, lower motor neuron, muscle spindles, myoneural junction, stretch reflex.

Answer?

NC259Q2負責人:穎萱 9580039

Name the parts a motor unit.

運動單位包含四個部分:運動細胞體、輸出神經纖維、運動終點板、分布到肌肉的神經。

NC259Q03 負責人:宜嬅 9580040

3. List the clinical characteristics of LMN syndrome.

列出下運動神經元症候群的臨床特徵。

Flaccid paralysis

Absent reflexes

Muscular fibrillation

Severe atrophy of the muscle

補充:

漸凍人就是所的運動神經元疾病。是一種神經退化性疾病,侵犯患者的神經元系統。下運動神經元,則以肌肉萎縮的症狀為主,通常出現在手掌、指尖的肌肉萎縮、弧口萎縮,慢慢地,惡化到達肩膀、頸部、舌頭、吞嚥的肌肉萎縮,造成吞嚥困難及呼吸衰竭。患者體內能存在某種自體抗體如GMI等,屬一種自體免疫疾病。

參考資料:

http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1406010704060

NC259Q4 負責人:宏舜 9580042

4.List the spinal locations of the motor neurons that innervate the muscles of respiration.(Also dee Chapter 2.)

Answer?

Tuesday, May 27, 2008