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NC452G 彭康政 9580038
撰寫人：9580038 彭康政NC452- Glossary
Anoxia缺氧症：
Related to oxygen deficiency in brain tissue .
和大腦組織缺乏氧氣有關。
Ansa lenticularis 豆狀環：
Axonal fiber bundle transmitting basal ganglia efferents from the globus pallidus to the thalamus.
軸索神經束傳送輸出基礎神經束從蒼白球到視丘。- Good Chinese?
Anatomical picture?
http://wwwk.dongguk.ac.kr/~moonis/lecture/00-BG/00-bg.htm
- Four main bundles of pallidal efferent fibers
2) lenticular fasciculus
3) pallidotegmental fibers
4) pallidosubthalamic fibers * the first three are exclusively from MPS
http://wwwk.dongguk.ac.kr/~moonis/lecture/00-BG/00-bg.htm
Antagonist 對抗肌：
One of the paired muscles that acts in opposition to the mover (agonist) during a movement.
一對肌肉的其中一個在運動時會對抗在動的肌肉。
Anterior cerebral artery 前大腦動脈：
Supplies blood to the medial surface of the frontal lobe and part of the parietal lobe, in addition to the anterior four-fifths of the corpus callosum.
供應血到額葉和部份頂葉的中間表面，除了胼胝體的前五分之四以外。
Anterior commissure 前接合處：
Smaller commissural fiber bundle that interconnects the middle and the inferior temporal gyri in both hemispheres. Known to mediate olfacation .
兩個腦半球中互相連接中間和下側顳回的較小連合纖維束，以傳達嗅覺而被聞名。
Anterior corticospinal tract 前皮質脊髓徑：
Descending motor fibers that do not cross the midline in the medulla oblongata .
不跨越延髓中線的下行的運動神經束。
Anterior lobe 前葉：
Cerebellar region responsible for muscle tone and equilibrium during locomotion .
小腦的部位，在運動中負責平衡和肌肉張力。
Anterior medullary velum 前髓帆 ：
Cerebellar structure that forms roof of the fourth ventricle.
小腦中形成第四個腦室的屋頂的結構。
Picture?
http://www.bartleby.com/107/pages/page792.html
http://www.bartleby.com/107/Images/small/image705.jpg
Anterior nucleus 前核：
Thalamic nucleus mediatinghypothalamic (mammillary body) projections to the cingulated gyrus of the limbic cortex. Participates in the regulation of visceral and emotional functions .
視丘核傳達下視丘(乳頭狀體)投射到邊緣皮質扣帶回，參與內臟的調解與情緒的功能。
Picture?
Anterior (ventral) horn 前腹角：
Ventral spinal gray region containing motor(final common pathway) nuclei.
腹脊髓灰色區域包含了運動(最終共同路徑)核。
Picture?
Anterior (ventral) root 前背根：
Collection of motor (efferent) fibers, emerging from the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root form a spinal nerve.
輸出運動神經纖維的彙集，從脊髓的前方和側邊延伸到加入一個後根形成的脊髓神經處興起湧現。
Picture?
Anterior spinothalamic tract 前脊髓視丘徑：
Axonal bundle mediating sensation related to diffuse touch to the thalamus.
傳達感覺遍佈至視丘的軸索神經束。
Picture?
Anterograde reaction 階段前反應：
See WALLERIAN DEGENERATION.
見WALLERIAN DEGENERATION.
Anterograde transmission 階段前傳送：
Forward information flow from the soma (cell body) to the synapse.
從細胞體到突觸的向前訊息流。
Anterolateral spinothalamic system 前外側脊隨視丘系統：
Includes the axonal bundle mediating pain, touch, and temperature to the brain .
包含軸索神經束，傳達痛覺、觸覺、還有溫度到大腦。
Antibody 抗體：
Defensive substance produced in response to a specific antigen in the body .
回應身體內特定的抗原而產生的防禦物質。
Anticoagulant 抗凝血劑：
Drug preventing the clotting of blood . Warfarin(Coumadin) is a common anticoagulant drug.
防止血液凝結的藥物。Warfarin(Coumadin)是常見普遍的抗凝血藥劑。
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 抗利尿激素 ：
Hormone produced by neurosecretory hypothalamic cells that stimulates water reabsorption from the kidney, reduce urine output, and causes vasoconstriction of arterioles (vasopressin) .
下視丘神經分泌的細胞所產生的激素，刺激水從腎臟的再吸收、降低排尿和導致微血管(垂體後葉荷爾蒙)的血管收縮。
Antiepileptic drugs 抗癲癇藥物：
Anticonvulsant medications used either to prevent or to treat seizure disorders .
抗筋攣的藥物，也用來防止或治療混亂發作的症狀。
Antigen抗原：
Foreign substances in the body whose contact with cells triggers a response from the body’s immune system .
觸發引起身體內免疫系統的外來物質。
Aphagia 失嚥症：
Impaired ability to swallow subsequent to brain injuries .
腦傷後吞嚥的能力受損。
Aphasia 失語症：
Impaired ability to process language, resulting from brain damage .
因大腦損傷而導致處理語言的能力受到損傷。
Apneustic area 長吸中樞：
Pontine respiratory center that stimulates the medullary inspiratory center .
刺激隨部吸氣中心的橋腦呼吸中心。
apneustic
An obsolete term for apneusis.
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?apneustic
apneusis
An abnormal respiratory pattern consisting of a pause at full inspiration; a prolonged inspiratory cramp caused by a lesion at the mid or caudal pontine level of the brainstem.
Origin: G. A-priv. + pneusis, a breathing, fr. Pneo, to breathe
(05 Mar 2000)
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?apneusis
Apraxia 失用症：
Impaired ability to execute skilled motor acts which is not caused by muscle paralysis or incoordination, sensory deficits, or incomprehension .
執行運動的技能的能力受到損傷，不導致肌肉麻痺、不同調、知覺缺乏，或理解缺乏。
Video?
Search for video at: http://video.google.com ???
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