Resources for Communication Problems

Saturday, June 21, 2008

CA128R7.4宏舜

CA128R7.4宏舜

7-4

1-6 missing? 缺交 9580006 嚴英仁?

7. Cerebral cortex

The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres; it is largely composed of gray matter(cortex means bark)

翻譯:大腦外部的一層,覆蓋在灰質上相當大的面積。

參考資料:http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~g864264/Neuroscience/neuron/funbrain.htm

8. Cingulate cortex

The large area of limbic cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere, just dorsal to the corpus callosum.

翻譯:大範圍面積位於邊緣皮質上的表面,在每一個腦室,和背側的胼胝小體。

參考資料:http://www.sciscape.org/news_detail.php?news_id=1288

9. Fissures

The large, deep grooves in the cerebral hemispheres.

翻譯:大腦縫隙是大範圍且深的。

相關資料:

腦半球的中心是有髓神經纖維,即白質;皮質有很多溝回,即灰質。人類的大腦皮質十分發達,這使人腦不同於其他哺乳動物的大腦。雖然某些白質結構也具有獨立的重要功能,但白質中的神經纖維主要用以聯結大腦皮質各功能區。由前到後有一條深裂溝將大腦分為兩個半球,每個半球調控其對側軀體的活動。其中一個半球在功能上占優勢,它集中了一些特化的神經中樞,如言語、思維的中樞,決定右利還是左利等決定空間趨向的中樞。另一側半球則支配更微妙、複雜的知覺,如識別不同的面孔。

10. Formix

The major tract of the limbic system; it projects form the dorsal hippocampus of each hemisphere, circles the thalamus, and terminates in the septum and mammillary bodies.

翻譯:主要的通道位於邊緣系統,他形成於背側海馬迴在腦室間,環繞視丘和止於中隔和乳頭體。

相關資料:腦部區域中, 有個叫做穹嶐 (fornix), 是連結海馬體和乳頭體的, 此處受到傷害, 就會影響記憶。

11. Frontal lobes

The two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, one in each hemisphere, that are anterior to the central fissures.

翻譯:兩個區域於腦室,一個在每一個腦室,一個在前腦至中央溝。

相關資料:http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/lobe_c.htm

12. Globus pallidus

A nucleus of the basal ganglia; it is located in each hemisphere between the thalamus and the putamen (globus pallidus means pale globe).

翻譯:端腦深部的灰質塊稱基底節,主要有尾狀核和豆狀核,或將丘腦下核和中 腦黑質包括在內;細胞位於基底神經節,位於每一個大腦半球在視丘和腦殼間。

相關資料:豆狀核又分成蒼白球和腦殼。

13. During the 4th week of prenatal development, swellings first become visible on the anterior end of the neural tube. At first, there are 3 of them.

在胎兒發展期間的第4 個星期,脹大部份首先可在神經管的先前末端可看見。起初,可分為三部份。

相關網站: http://203.71.239.23/naerResource/study/39/4-1-1.htm

14. The neural tube develops into the CNS; the neural crest develops into the PNS.

神經管發展為中樞神經系統;神經脊發展為周邊神經系統

相關網站:http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/dev_c.htm

15. Of the brain’s five divisions, the most anterior is the telencephalonand the most posterior is the myelencephlon.

腦的五個部份。最前端為中腦,最末端為腦髓。

相關網站:http://pearl.tvb.com/lifeofmammals/explore/intelligence04.html

http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/phylo_c.html

16. Prior to the development of the neural plate, the cells that will ultimately compose it are totipotential.

在神經板發展之前,最後將它組成是全能性細胞。.

相關網站http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/Images/NeuralPlate.gif

17. Proliferation occurs in the part of the neural tube adjacent to its fluid-filled interior.

增殖發生於神經管在它充滿液體內部附近的一部份

18. The mesencephalon lies between the diencephalon and the metencephalon.

中腦位於間腦和後腦之間

相關網站:http://brc.se.fju.edu.tw/nobelist/194x/p1949.htm

http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/gif/mesout.gif

19Middle frontal gyrus 中央前回

The frontal lobe gyrus that is located between the superior and inferior frontal gyri.

為額葉的腦回,位於額上回與額下回之間。

補充:圖片

20Middle temporal gyrus 顳中回

The temporal lobe gyrus that is located between the superior and inferior temporal gyri.

為顳葉的腦回,位於顳上回與顳下回之間。

補充:維基百科聶中回

21Neocortex 新皮質

Six-layered cerebral cortex of relatively recent evolutionary origin; most human cerebral cortex is neocortex.

6層的大腦皮質層,相對於其他皮層其發展時間較晚,人類主要的大腦皮層為新皮質。

補充:新皮質(neocortex),古皮質(paleocortex)以及舊皮質(archicortex)之間有何不同?

22Occipital lobes 枕葉

The two regions of the cerebral hemispheres that are located at the posterior pole of each hemisphere.

大腦半球的兩個區域,每半球各一,位於大腦半球後極。

補充資料:圖片

23Parietal lobes 頂葉

The two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, one in each hemisphere, that are posterior to the central fissures and superior to the lateral fissures.

大腦半球的兩個區域,每半球各一,位於中央溝之後與橫向溝之上。

補充資料:圖片

24Postcentral gyrus 中央後回

The parietal lobe gyrus that is located just posterior to the central fissure.

為頂葉的腦回,位於腦後部至中央溝之間。

補充資料:維基百科中央後回

25.Precentral gyrusThe frontal lobe gyrus that is located just anterior to the central fissure.

中樣前迴:是被找出先前的對中央裂痕的額葉迴轉

相關連結

26.Primary auditory cortexThe areas of cortex, one in each hemisphere, that receive most of their input front the auditory relay nuclei of the thalamus; they are located in the superior temporallobe, largely in the lateral fissures.

主要聽覺皮層:外皮區域,兩半球都有,主要負責處理輸入的各項聽覺訊號,位置偏向胼胝體。

相關連結

27.Primary gustatory cortexThe areas of cortex, one in each hemisphere, that receive taste input from the gustatory relay nuclei of the thalamus; they are located on the inferior border of the parietal lobes, largely in lateral fissures.

主要味覺皮層:位於腦皮質區,兩半球都有,從丘腦的味覺中轉接受味覺輸入,位於頂葉的下邊界,位於側項

相關連結

28.Primary motor areasArea of motor cortex that send most of their output to subcortical and spinal motor circus from adjacent sesecondary motor areas.

主要運動區:位於腦皮層,主要負責輸出從策劃運動動機來的運動方面的訊號

相關連結

29.Primary motor cortexThe area of cortex, one in each hemisphere, that send most of their motor fibers to the motor circuits of the brain stem and spinal cord; they are located in the precentral gyri of the frontal lobes.

主要運動皮質:區域外皮,將運動訊號傳質脊髓,位於額葉的中樣前回。

相關連結

30.Primary olfactory cortexThe areas of cortex, one of each hehemisphere, that receive most of their input from the olfactory relay nuclei of thalamus; they are located on the inferior surface of the frontal lobes.

主要嗅覺外皮:各半球皆有,從丘腦嗅覺區接受他們大部分的輸入訊號,位於額葉下表面。

相關連結

31Primary sensory areas主要知覺區域

Areas of cerebral cortex that receive most of their input from the thalamic relay nuclei of a single sensory system; most of their output goes to adjacent secondary sensory areas of the same system.

接受大多數他們的輸入從一個唯一知覺系統的thalamic 中轉中堅力量大腦外層的區域; 大多數他們的產品去同樣系統的毗鄰次要知覺區域。

32Primary somatosensory cortex主要體覺皮質區

The areas of cortex, one in each hemisphere, that receive most of their input from the somatosensory relay nuclei of the thalamus ( e.g ., ventral posterior nuclei ); they are located in the postcentral gyri of the parietal lobes.

外皮區域, 一個在各個半球, 接受大多數他們的輸入從丘腦(, 腹後部中堅力量的)自體感覺中轉中堅力量; 他們位於頭頂骨耳垂的中央腦迴

33Primary visual cortex主要視覺皮質區

The areas of cortex, one in each hemisphere that receive most of their input from the visual relay nuclei of the thalamus (i.e., lateral geniculate nuclei); they are located in the occipital lobes, largely in the longitudinal fissure.

接受大多數他們的輸入從丘腦外皮的區域, 一個在各個半球(, 側向膝狀的中堅力量的) 視覺中轉中堅力量; 他們位於枕葉耳垂, 主要在縱向裂痕。

34Putamen 殼核

A nucleus of the basal ganglia; it is located in each hemisphere just lateral to the globus pallidus, and it is connected to the anterior end of the caudate by a series of fiber bridges; the putamen and caudate together are the striatum.

基礎神經節的中堅力量; 它位於各個半球側向對基底核蒼白球, 並且它被解救到尾核的先前末端由一系列的纖維橋梁; 殼核並且尾核 一起是大腦紋狀體

35Pyramidal cells錐狀細胞

Cortical neurons with a pyramid-shaped cell body, an apical dendrite, and a long axon.

表皮神經元以一個金字塔形狀的細胞身體、頂端枝狀突起, 和一長的軸突。

36Secondary motor areas 次運動皮質區

Areas of motor cortex that send much of their output to areas of primary motor cortex; much of their input comes from association cortex.

寄發他們的產品到主要馬達外皮區域馬達外皮的區域; 他們的輸入來自協會外皮。

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