NC3236郁文

NC3236郁文

NC015F1-07

The cellular layers of the neocortex, the most evolved type of cerebral cortex tissue.

大腦新皮質的各細胞層，大腦皮質組織的最主要發展類型。

NC025Q3

Define the following lexical roots (see Appendix C on the point web site):kinesis, opsis, phagein, plege, prattien, praxis, presby, taxis, tectum

NC027L04

List principal embryonic divisions of the brain and gross anatomic structures related to each division.

列出腦部主要在胚胎時期的區域以及各區域租略的解剖構造

→ NC029F2-02、NC030T2-01

NC059T2-05

Nerve plexus and motor functions

神經叢與運動功能

NC081TT17

hypothalamus 丘腦下部；下視丘

Diencephalic structure, located beneath the thalamus, that secretes hormones and regulates feeding, fighting, and sexual behavior.

為間腦組織，位於丘腦之下，可分泌賀爾蒙與控制進食、戰鬥、性行為等。

補充資料：

圖片http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html

NC106F3-23

Rostral surface of a coronal section through the rostral thalamus, massa intermedia, and subthalamic nucleus.

朝向喙嘴的(特指大腦胼胝體前端向下彎細之處較近喙嘴的)表面的冠狀縫區經過嘴側丘腦、中心質、底丘腦核。

NC114L09

Discuss the critical periods of susceptibility to teratogenesis for the central nervous system and for other related organ systems.

討論對中樞神經系統及其他相關器官系統在畸形發生的敏感性關鍵期。

→ NC126T4-04、NC127T4-05

NC130TT30

neural plate 神經板

Thickened midline plate of neuroectoderm that develops into the neural tube, giving rise to the central nervous system.

神經外胚層的中線板增厚形成神經管，發展成日後的中樞神經系統。

補充資料：

為胚胎時神經管之早期構造

相關神經管發育成神經系統簡介：http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/dev_c.htm

NC131L07

Explain differential regenerative processes between the central and peripheral nervous systems.

說明中樞神經系統與週邊神經系統間再生(恢復)過程的差別。

P.141 Axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system

P.142 Axonal regeneration in the central nervous system

NC151TT30

nerve cell 神經細胞,(同neuron).

Specialized cell of the nervous system that conducts electrical impulses.

專屬神經系統的細胞，可傳導神經衝動。

補充資料：

顯微鏡下的神經細胞http://picasaweb.google.com/gregorytsai/UnderMicroscope/photo#5062255861243553154

NC167F7-03

The three-neuron organization of somatosensory system.

體感覺系統的三神經組織

NC185L10

Relate visual field defects with lesion sites.

連結視覺區缺陷與機能障礙(器官損害)部位。

→ NC203T8-04、NC203F8-14

NC207TT25

rhodopsin 視紫質

Visual purple pigment found in the outer segments of rod cells.

視覺的紫色色素，存在於桿狀細胞外部。

補充資料：

光與視覺(錐狀細胞與明視覺、桿狀細胞與暗視覺) http://www.iali.com.tw/publications/fundamentals/CH3.htm

圖片：桿狀細胞http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~confocal/Gallery/A-P-7_M.JPG

視網膜的解剖構造http://www.eyeok.com.tw/07/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E5%BA%95%E7%89%87%E5%B1%A4%E6%AC%A1%E2%80%94%E7%B6%B2%E8%86%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E8%88%87%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD.htm

NC226TT12

superior olivary nucleus 上橄欖核

Nucleus in the medullary tegmentum that is the first to receive projections from both cochleae and it play an important role in sound localization.

位於骨髓被蓋核心，是第一個接收雙耳耳蝸投射(投影)的器官，在聲音定位上扮演很重要的角色。

補充資料：

位置圖http://www.hemi-sync.com/store/skin1/images/color3.jpg

NC237Q3

Why do ballet dancers and professional ice skaters not exhibit rotational nystagmus?

NC242T11-01

Ascending and descending spinal pathways

上升與下降的脊柱路徑

NC263F12-03

Somatotopic localization of the sensorimotor functions in the cerebellar cortex of a monkey. The sensorimotor representation of the body is known to be ipsilateral in the anterior lobe and bilateral in the posterior cerebellum.

猴子的小腦皮質區與特定感覺運動功能的局部化。身體感覺的物態化已知是位於小腦前葉的同一側以及左右對稱在後小腦區。

NC288TT02

akinesia 運動不能

Slow initiation, or loss of power of voluntary movements seen in patients with basal ganglia pathology.

一種起始緩慢、或喪失控制隨意運動的能力的症狀，常見於基底神經節(基底核)病變的病人。

補充資料：

基底神經節簡介http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%95%E6%A0%B8

NC299TT14

Upper motor neurons (UMNs) 上運動神經元

Cell bodies in the motor cortex and their descending axonal processes that synapse on the cranial and spinal motor neurons.

上運動神經元的細胞體主要位於大腦皮質體運動區的錐體細胞，這些細胞的軸突組成下行的錐體束，其中下行至脊髓的纖維稱為皮質脊髓束；沿途陸續離開錐體束，直接或間接止於腦神經運動核的纖維為皮質核束。

補充資料

http://disable.yam.org.tw/resource/life/als/ch07.htm

NC323F15-17

The trigeminal nuclear complex in the brainstem and the divisions of the trigeminal nerve.

腦幹中的三叉神經核複合體與分段的三叉神經。

NC352TT08

diplopia 複視

Pathologic condition of double vision by which a single object is seen as being two objects.

一種將單一物體看成兩物體的病理現象。

補充資料：

複視的原因很多,大抵是眼睛的外眼肌無力或麻痺所引起,而外眼肌是由腦神經所控制,所以腦神經或大腦本身的疾病都可能引起複視。( http://www.tw16.net/monographData.asp?m1No=2&m2No=54&m3No=571&mMo=8102 )

NC373B16-05

Clinical implications of spinal lesions affecting the muscles of respiration

脊柱損壞影響呼吸肌肉的臨床情形

NC378L03

Describe the cortical region supplied by each major artery.

描述皮質部位各個提供血液的主要血管。

→ NC382T17-03

NC398TT08

blood-brain barrier 血腦屏障、腦血管障壁

Physiologic barrier unique to brain arteries that prevents noxious substances in the blood from entering the brain.

大腦與動脈間獨特的生理屏障，可避免血液中的有害物質進入大腦。

補充資料：

簡稱BBB

簡介http://www.ntl.gov.tw/vrs/question_view.asp?id=6711

NC409T19-01

Language features of common types of aphasia

一般類型失語症的語言特色

NC426T20-02

Normal and pathologic structures seen on T1- and T2-weighted MRI studies

T1與T2由磁共振造影所得的正常與病態的組織