CA149R08.3

CA149R08.3

Without referring to chapter 8, fill in each of the following blanks with the correct term from the chapter. The correct answers are provided at the back of the book. Carefully review the material related to your incorrect answers.

不參考第八章，將下列每一個空白處從章節中填入正確的術語，正確答案提供於本書後面，仔細地回顧材料與您的不正確答案有關。

CA149R01

1. Retinal ganglion cells carry signals out of the eye to the lateral geniculate nuclei.

視網膜神經節細胞運載信號在眼睛外面對側向膝狀的神經核。

【補充】

相關網站

神經節( Ganglion ) http://hist.class.kmu.edu.tw/Basic/Nerve/PNS/ANS/intro.htm

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglion_cell

Fortunecity http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/tree/219/vision2.html

webvision.med.utah.edu/Wong.html

Answers.com http://www.answers.com/topic/receptive-field?cat=health

線上英漢字典 http://cdict.giga.net.tw/q/geniculate

Morphogenesis of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus www.ks.uiuc.edu/.../Neural/morphogenesis.html

相關圖片http://gsbs.uth.tmc.edu/images/klein_diagram.jpg (來源：William H. Klein, Ph.D. http://gsbs.uth.tmc.edu/tutorial/klein_w.html)

相關影片 patch clamp - isolated retina - Miller Lab http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=e7rdGKfiU0I

CA149R02

2. The auditory nerve leaves the cochlea as part of the 8^th cranial nerve and terminates in the ipsilateral cochlear nuclei.

從耳蝸出來的聽覺神經為第8對頭顱神經且終止於同側的耳蝸神經核。

【補充】

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_nerve

Auditory Nerve Definition http://www.nchearingloss.org/audnerve.htm

聽覺途徑及聽覺中樞http://www.ling.fju.edu.tw/hearing/Auditry%20pathways.htm

相關影片：

How the Body Works : The Auditory Pathways http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=cfAyPbFYGJw

The Ear: the Organ of Hearing http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=7a2aoZeZhZ8&feature=related

Science of Sound http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=_ovMh2A3P5k&feature=related

How the Body Works : The Organ of Corti http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=8wgfowbbTz0&feature=related

How Ear Works http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=skXQ6PuIc4s&feature=related

How the Body Works : The Cochlea http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=ei_vRzp8IN0&feature=related

CA149R03

3. Axon from the medial hemiretinas decussate in the optic chiasm; axons from the lateral hemiretinas do not.

軸突從中間上半眼角膜十字形交叉在視神經交叉，而軸突從側邊的上半眼角膜則無。

【補充】

相關網站：

Optic Canal, Optic Chiasm http://www.medrounds.org/ocular-pathology-study-guide/2005/11/optic-canal-optic-chiasm.html

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_chiasm

Optic Chiasm http://www.merck.com/mmhe/print/sec20/ch235/ch235a.html

視覺交響曲第二樂章: LGN http://mmdays.com/2007/06/22/visual_pathway/

視覺-今日心理 http://www.zgxl.net/cptoday/nous/shijue.htm

相關圖片：

instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/vistopo.gif

http://universe-review.ca/I10-80-optic.jpg

http://www.cptc.ctc.edu/library/Bio%20118%20Lecture%20Notes%20Rev%200105_files/image123.jpg

http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_09/i_09_cl/i_09_cl_dev/i_09_cl_dev_2a.jpg

相關影片：

How the Body Works : The Visual Mechanism http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=WK2k_-f8R48

CA149R04

4. Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of each parietal lobe.

主要體覺皮質區位於各頂葉的中央後回。

【補充】

Primary somatosensory cortex：主要體覺皮質區 (腦負責告知痛覺的部位和強度區域)

相關網站

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_cortex http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_lobe http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Somatosensory_cortex_ja.png

小小神經科學：腦葉http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/lobe_c.htm

手肌反射http://www.tscn.org.tw/%E6%89%8B%E8%82%8C%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84

小小神經科學：腦的容量http://www.dls.ym.edu.tw/neuroscience/brainsize_c.html

相關圖片：

Primary somatosensory cortex http://www.scottsdalecc.edu/ricker/psy101/readings/Section_2/images/somatosensory.jpg

www.nyas.org/.../images/smith_11_brain.jpg

www.dwp.gov.uk/.../images/brain.gif (來源：www.dwp.gov.uk/.../obd/specific_nps_obd.asp)

Postcentral gyrus http://defiant.ssc.uwo.ca/Jody_web/fMRI4Dummies/brains/corticalsulci/central_sulci_saggitalview.jpg

相關影片：

Parietal Lobe http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=C5wP8xly2Hc

Calcium currents in the somatosensory cortex of the mouse http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=W9bn_XYDbUo

CA149R05

5. As the result of the pattern of decussation in the visual pathways, information about any object that we see to the left of our center of gaze is conducted from the left eye to the right hemisphere and from the right eye to the left hemisphere.

由於視覺路徑交叉的模式，在我們的注視左邊的中心看到的任一個物體的資訊被引導從左眼到右半球，右眼到左半球。

【補充】

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pathway

心理學實驗室 http://www.fgu.edu.tw/~psychology/know/data/exp/01.htm

視覺資訊系統 http://203.68.20.65/science/content/1988/00030219/0007.htm

大腦視覺傳導路徑與治療活動的關係 http://ftp.hnl.com.tw/findingmsko/news0410.html

動物的視覺神經生理探討 http://203.68.20.65/science/content/1978/00090105/0014.htm

生物時鐘電活性節律的機轉 http://163.25.114.16/rong-chi/research.htm

相關圖片：

http://doctor.fh21.com.cn/wenxian/tzyx/images/20060510/4891983.gif

http://www.tzeye.com/new/photograph/ms_picture/a1039.jpg

http://bunseiri.hp.infoseek.co.jp/images/eyeden.jpg

http://www.jiko110.com/contents/gaisyou/toubugaisho/img/c_byo_h_35.gif

相關影片：

How the Body Works : The Visual Mechanism http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=WK2k_-f8R48

CA149R06

6. Information about touch and proprioception ascends the spinal cord ipsilaterally in the dorsolateral spinal cord.

在背面側方的脊髓上關於觸覺和本體感覺的資訊可上溯到同一側的脊髓。

【補充】

相關網站：

本體感覺 proprioception：動物對於與本身位置、姿勢、平衡或內部狀態有關的刺激的感覺。

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

Proprioception http://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/proprioception/index.html

本體感覺_百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/view/247056.htm

本體感覺運動理論http://www.taiwanpt.net/ptdc2.asp?mrn=1634

神經系統傳導通路http://des.cmu.edu.cn/jiaoxue/kecheng/jiepo/xitong/shenjing/zhongshu/chuandao/senying1.htm

相關圖片：

http://www.jssm.org/vol4/n4/26/f1.gif

http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/17F.jpg

http://neurobranches.chez-alice.fr/images/imagessn/imagesens/vpropriocons.jpg

相關影片：

Proprioception http://tw.youtube.com/results?search_query=proprioception&search_type=

Spinal cord http://tw.youtube.com/results?search_query=spinal+cord&search_type=

CA149R07

7. The two general regions of secondary visual cortex in each hemisphere are the prestriate cortex and the inforotemporal cortex.

在各半球的次級視覺皮質的2個一般區域是後頂葉皮質和前顳葉皮質。

【補充】

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://www.wiki.cn/wiki/Akinetopsia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex

http://www.xinli525.cn/bbs1/archiver/?tid-64.html

Optomotor System - an overview www.optomotorik.de/blicken/intro.htm

http://webvision.med.utah.edu/Color.html

相關圖片：

http://universe-review.ca/I10-80-prefrontal.jpg

CA149R08

8. The optic nerves become known as the optic tracts once they have passed the optic chiasm and entered the brain.

視神經又稱為視神經徑，一旦他們通過視神經交叉便進入大腦。

【補充】

optic nerves 視神經：腦神經II，由眼睛的視交叉中一捆神經節細胞接受器組成。

optic tracts：視神經徑，(由視神經交叉，繞至大腦腳分成內外側兩支，分別終止於外膝狀體及上丘superior colliculus)。

optic chiasm 視交叉：是視覺途徑中的一個構造，有些是神經纖維在此會交叉。

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerves http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_tracts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_chiasm

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F

Central Visual Pathways http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/vispath.html

THE EYE http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/d/d_02/d_02_cr/d_02_cr_vis/d_02_cr_vis.html

相關圖片：

http://www.artem-medicalis.com/conceptual.htm

http://thalamus.wustl.edu/course/cor5.gif

http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/vistopo.gif

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/9708.jpg

http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f19-12b_anatomy_of_the__c.jpg

相關影片：

Cranial nerves http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=dHJFSSPziL0

CA149R09

9. The superior olivary nuclei receive signals from the cochlear nuclei and conduct them via the lateral lemnisci to the inferior colliculi .

上橄欖核接收從耳蝸神經核的訊號並引導他們經由丘系外核(外側丘系核)到下丘。

【補充】

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_colliculi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivary_body http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus

http://www.wiki.cn/wiki/Inferior_colliculus

Nervous system http://nervous-systems.com/brain_medu.html

ANATOMY OF VISION http://www.indiana.edu/~pietsch/v414optic08.html

大腦 (Brain) http://life.nthu.edu.tw/%7Eg864264/Neuroscience/neuron/brain.htm

The Brain http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodynervousadvanced/819/5

相關圖片：

http://www.ehponline.org/members/2003/111-12/prodchart.jpg

http://universe-review.ca/I10-80-midbrain.jpg

http://bunseiri.hp.infoseek.co.jp/images/midbrain.gif

http://universe-review.ca/I10-80-hindbrain2b.jpg

http://www.unifr.ch/biochem/dreyer/images/tegmentum.jpg

相關影片：

olivary body http://tw.youtube.com/watch?v=N37Xh53aMkw

CA149R10

10. The thalamic relay nuclei of the auditory system are the medial geniculate nuclei.

聽覺系統的丘腦中繼核是內側膝狀體核。

【補充】

相關網站：

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_geniculate_nucleus http://www.wiki.cn/wiki/Inferior_colliculus

http://basic.shsmu.edu.cn/passw/anatomy_new/wskt/Cerebellum.swf

medial geniculate nuclei http://www.answers.com/topic/medial-geniculate-body?cat=health

相關圖片：

http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v2/n4/images/nrn0401_251a_i1.gif

http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/nervous/brain_lobes_sm.jpg

撰寫人： 柔儀

CA149R11

Primary auditory cortex is located in the superior region of each temporal lobe.

主要聽覺外皮位於各世俗耳垂的優越區域。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex

CA149R12

Much of the primary auditory cortex is in Heschl’s gyri,which are located in the lateral fissure.

許多主要聽覺外皮是在Heschl 的gyri 裡, 設置側向裂痕。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_auditory_cortex

CA149R13

The primary visual cortex constitutes much of the occipital lobe.

主要視覺外皮構成許多occipital 耳垂。

http://eyelab.webedu.ccu.edu.tw/eyeweb/mw05/articles/DF_Brain_paper.pdf

CA149R14

The dorsal column nuclei are located in the medulla.

背部專欄中堅力量設置骨髓。

http://www.cps.org.tw/docs/48(2)%2065-71,%202005.pdf

CA149R15

The PAG is located in the midbrain around the cerebral aqueduct.

PAG 位於midbrain 在大腦渡槽附近。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pag

CA149R16

Tactual and proprioceptive information from the face reaches the brain via the three branches of the trigeminal nerve ,the fifth cranial nerve.

觸覺和本體感受的資訊從面孔到達腦子通過trigeminal 神經, 第五根頭蓋骨神經的三個分支

http://home.wit.no/skarpreklame/Kunder/Bedrifter/Theodor/Letters/A/

CA149R17

Primary visual cortex is organized retinotopically;primary auditory cortex is organized tonotopically ;and primary somatosensory cortex is organized somatotopically.

主要視覺外皮是組織的retinotopically;primary 聽覺外皮是主要somatosensory 外皮somatotopically 被組織tonotopically 的組織的;and 。

http://bette.aecom.yu.edu/1neuroanatomy/eg_jones.pdf

CA149R18

The topographic map in primary somatosensory cortex is often referred to as the somatosensory homunculus.

地形學地圖在主要somatosensory 外皮經常指somatosensory homunculus

http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/121/12/2271.pdf

CA149R19

Secondary visual ,auditory,and somatosensory cortexes all project to posterior parietal association cortex.

次要視覺, 聽覺, 和somatosensory 外皮所有項目對後部頭頂骨協會外皮。

http://www.answers.com/topic/cerebral-cortex?cat=health

CA149R20

Endorphins excite neurons in the periqueductal gray.

Endorphins 激發神經元在periqueductal 灰色。

http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/anphys/1999/Self/Endorphins.htm

CA149R21

The raphe nuclei are serotonergic nuclei of the midbrain reticular formation.

raphe 中堅力量是midbrain 網狀結締組織的形成的serotonergic 中堅力量。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphe_nucleus