NC300L Chapt.15

Chapter.15 synopsis of Cranial Nerve

Learning objectives

NC300L01

List the cranial nerves by their names and numbers

列出腦神經的名字跟編號

(I)Olfactory，

(II)Optic，

(III)Oculomotor，

(IV)Trochlear，

(V)Trigeminal，

(VI)Abducens，

(VII)Facial，

(VIII)Vestibulocochlear，

(IX)Glossopharyngeal，

(X)Vagus，

(XI)Spinal accessory，

(XII)Hypoglossal，

在P.304~P.305的Table15-3中有列表。

NC300L02

Relate the cranial nerve numbers to their names.

= Name each cranial nerve by the number

腦神經數和其名字的關係

Page 301 ~ 302

Figure 15-1(page 302)

NC300L03

Follow the rationale for the functional classification of cranial nerves

= Understand the reasons for …..

____腦神經的功能分類的基本理由

大概在課本的p.301

補充：大致有感覺和運動兩方面。某些神經傳遞由感覺器官而來的訊息至腦部;其它的腦神經控制肌肉; 或是連結至腺體或內臟，像是心臟以及肺臟。

資料來源：

http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1405122612156

http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1305100706594

NC300L04

Identify the location of the attachments of cranial nerves in the brainstem

證明頭蓋骨神經於腦幹的附著位置

Ph307

相關資料

The area of attachment of a cranial nerve to the surface of the brain is termed its superficial or apparent origin. The fibers of the nerve can be traced into the substance of the brain to a special nucleus of gray substance. The motor or efferent cranial nerves arise within the brain from groups of nerve cells which constitute their nuclei of origin. The sensory or afferent cranial nerves arise from groups of nerve cells outside the brain; these nerve cells may be grouped to form ganglia on the trunks of the nerves or may be situated in peripheral sensory organs such as the nose and eye. The central processes of these cells run into the brain, and there end by arborizing around nerve cells, which are grouped to form nuclei of termination. The nuclei of origin of the motor nerves and the nuclei of termination of the sensory nerves are brought into relationship with the cerebral cortex, the former through the geniculate fibers of the internal capsule, the latter through the lemniscus. The geniculate fibers arise from the cells of the motor area of the cortex, and, after crossing the middle line, end by arborizing around the cells of the nuclei of origin of the motor cranial nerves. On the other hand, fibers arise from the cells of the nuclei of termination of the sensory nerves, and after crossing to the opposite side, join the lemniscus, and thus connect these nuclei, directly or indirectly, with the cerebral cortex.

參考網站

http://www.theodora.com/anatomy/the_cranial_nerves.html

NC300L05

Explain the brainstem location of cranial nerve nuclei

說明在腦幹中神經核的位置

說明腦神經核在腦幹的位置

在NC305F15-1圖有說明

NC300L06

Discuss the cranial nerve nuclei that receive bilateral or unilateral cortical projections.

討論頭顱神經核其為接收單側或是兩側的投射。

討論接收單側或是兩側投射的腦神經核。

見課本第313頁Figure 15-8 neuronal pattern of unilateral and bilateral innervation of the cranial nerve nuclei.

NC300L07

Explain the clinical implications of the bilateral or unilateral innervation of motor nerve nuclei

innervation

· noun: the distribution of nerve fibers to an organ or body region

· noun: the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland

http://www.onelook.com/?w=innervation&ls=a

解釋運動神經核兩側或單側的神經分布在臨床上的涵義

P.310-311

Figure 15-6

NC300L08

Discuss the branchial and somatic bases of muscles

Bases here means embryological origin, developmental derivation

【譯】討論鰓弓肌和骨骼肌的基礎。

【內容】NC326、NC327F15-19、NC328T15-16、NC33815-26

NC300L09

List the muscles derived from various branchial arches

列舉多種__胎兒鰓弓所衍生出的肌肉。

P.302。Each branchial arch relates to specific groups of muscles: the muscles of mastication {CN V}relate to the first branchial arch,the muscles of facial expression {CN VII}related to the second branchial arch,and the stylopharyngeus muscles{CN IX}relate to the thied branchial arch.The remaining pharyngeal muscles {CN X}are derived from the fourth branchial arch, and the laryngeal muscles{CN X}are derived from the sixth branchial arch.

NC300L10

Identify functional component for each cranial nerve

辨認每個腦神經的功能。

腦神經屬於周圍神經系統，是直接由腦發出的神經，共有12對。其中十對分佈於頭面部。腦神經有著重要的功能。視覺、嗅覺、聽覺、味覺均由腦神經傳遞，人類豐富的面部表情也由腦神經控制。腦神經中的迷走神經參與自主神經系統的構成。

NC300L11

Relate cranial nerve nuclei and their projections to specific sensorimotor functions.

與頭蓋的細胞核和他們所保護的特殊感覺運動的作用

Ans. pg311~339

NC300L12

Explain idiosyncratic distributional patterns and innervational properties of cranial nerves

innervation

· noun: the distribution of nerve fibers to an organ or body region

· noun: the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland

http://www.onelook.com/?w=innervation&ls=a

解釋頭顱的神經的特性的分配圖案和神經分佈

P309,P310

NC300L13

Discuss clinical symptoms associated with disorders of cranial nerves and nuclei

談論臨床症狀與相關頭蓋骨神經和中堅力量混亂

p.310~311

NC300L14

Describe function-based cranial nerve combinations

Function-based combination = combination according to / based on function

Which cranial nerves are combined to perform certain physiological function?

描述腦神經組合的基本功能。

資料在課本的P342，343。Figure 15-32，15-33，15-34。Table 15-24。

NC300L15

Pform an oral-facial examination in accordance with the ptinent functional components of cranial nves.

Who typed this with so many spelling mistakes?

依照與頭部神經功能相關的部份，實行一個關於口頭－面部的測試。

http://images.google.com.tw/imgres?imgurl=http://www.csuchico.edu/catalog/cmsd/C07CMSD3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.csuchico.edu/catalog/cmsd/&h=600&w=455&sz=30&hl=zh-TW&start=2&um=1&tbnid=trbMpuQih68YnM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Doral%2Bexamination,%2Bfacial%2Bexamination%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26complete%3D1%26hl%3Dzh-TW%26newwindow%3D1%26rlz%3D1B3GGGL_zh-TWTW242TW242%26sa%3DG

答案可以在P.342 P343找得到。

NC300L16

Differentiate between upper and lower motor neuron symptoms of the motor cranial nerves.

= Differentiate symptoms of the motor cranial nerves caused by pathology in upper motor neuron or in lower motor neuron.

區分腦運動神經在上傳與下傳運動神經之間的症狀。

http://www.alscenter.org/about_pls/

相關資料可在課本p343-344找到。