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Glossary ( terminal bouton ~ tissue plasminogen-activating agent )
spina bifida cystica
囊性脊柱裂
Embryologic failure of fusion involving one or more vertebral arches, which is associated with a meningeal cyst (meningocele) or a cyst containing both meninges and spinal cord (meningomyelocele).
脊柱裂為脊椎軸線上的先天畸形，主要是在胚胎期的神經管閉合時，中胚葉發育發生障礙所致。關鍵在于椎管閉合不全。囊性脊柱裂是一種呈囊狀隆起的脊柱裂，外皮可能完整或有缺損。如囊內祗有脊膜及腦脊髓液，稱為脊膜囊（meningocele），如囊內含脊膜、脊髓及神經，仍稱為脊髓脊膜膨出（myelomeningocele）。
http://homepage.vghtpe.gov.tw/~pns/learn/01/01_004.htm
spina bifida occulta
隱性脊柱裂（spina bifida occulta, occult spinal dysraphism）
Genetic spinal defect with no protrusion of the cord or its membrane.
是指脊椎之椎突及椎板的缺如，常合併脊膜及脊髓畸形，皮膚徵狀除凹陷（dimple）、血管瘤（capillary hemangioma）、毛髮（hypertricohosis）、皮竇（sinus）、突起（tag）、及皮下脂肪（cutaneous fat）外，並無皮膚缺損、脊髓外露、或囊狀隆起的情況。
spinal accessory nerve
副脊神經
Cranial nerve XI , which is responsible for raising the shoulders and turning the head contralaterally.
即第十一對腦神經，副脊神經分布於肩部肌肉主司肩部肌肉之運動，如舉肩及轉頭等。
spinal anesthesia
脊椎麻醉
Injection of liquid anesthetic into the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space to cause a temporary loss of sensation in the lower body extending up to the level of injection.
利用很細的針將麻藥打入腰椎脊髓神經所在的蜘蛛膜下腔，達到阻斷脊髓神經、暫時失去知覺的作用。
spinal nerve
脊神經
Nerve of the spinal cord that innervates the body.
脊椎神經，使身體(器官、肌肉)等受神經支配。
spinal plexuses
脊柱神經叢
Network of interconnected spinal nerves.
使脊神經相互聯繫的網路。
spinal tap
脊髓腔放液
procedure used for extracting the cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes. The cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region. Also called lumbar puncture.
又稱為lumbar puncture(腰椎穿刺)，目的為抽出腰椎部份蜘蛛膜下腔腦脊液蛋白以幫助診斷。
spinal trigeminal nucleus (tract)
三叉神經脊束核
Second-order nucleus and descending fibers that mediate pain and temperature from the face.
為第二級神經元及下行纖維，主要傳導面部的痛、溫覺。
spinocerebellar system
脊髓小腦束系統
Spinal projection to the cerebellum mediating unconscious proprioception from the lower and upper limbs.
脊髓藉由上行肢與下行肢將訊息傳到小腦調解無意識的本體感覺。
spinocerebellar tract
脊髓小腦徑
Fiber bundle that mediates unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum.
體內本體感受會於身體內被偵測並沿脊髓內的神經向上傳送。
spinothalamic pathway
脊髓丘腦路徑
Ascending bundle of fibers that mediates the sensation of pain, touch, and temperature from the spinal cord to the thalamus.
將痛覺、觸覺、溫覺從脊椎神經傳到丘腦的上行路徑。
spiral ganglia
螺旋神經節
First-order auditory nerve cells that receive impulses from the cochlear hair cells and project to the cochlear complex in the brainstem.
第一級聽覺神經元，接收耳蝸毛細胞傳出的刺激並傳出至腦幹中的耳蝸複體。
splenium of corpus callosum
胼胝體壓部
Posterior part of the corpus callosum.
胼胝體分為嘴部、膝部、體部和壓部4個部分，其發育順序由前向後，正好與其成熟順序相反。
Stapedius
鐙骨肌
A muscle, controlled by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), in the middle ear that reflexively contracts to attenuate hearing sensitivity by restricting ossicular movement.
鐙骨肌位於中耳內，一頭接在鐙骨頸部，另一頭接在中耳的耳壁上，是人體中最小的一條肌肉，可拉緊聽小骨鏈，使它們對聲音的振動有更靈敏的反應，由顏面神經(第七對腦神經)控制
Stapes
鐙骨
Middle ear ossicle that is attached to the oval window.
中耳的三小聽骨之ㄧ，連接在卵圓窗上，是人體最小的一個骨頭。
static equilibrium
静態平衡
Balancing during a stationary posture.
在不動的姿勢下保持的平衡狀態。
static labyrinth
静迷路
Maintenance of a balanced position of the head and body in space against gravity during rest and during straight line head movements.
Stenosis
狹窄症
Narrowing of arteries.
Stereognosis
形體感覺
Identification of objects by tactual sensation of shape, texture, and size.
stereotaxic (stereotactic)
立體定位的
precise method of localization for lesion placement in a deep-seated brain structure using three-dimensional space. The space definition is given by the imaging modality used to defing the target.
strabismus
斜視
Optic disorder in which visual axes of both eyes are not directed toward the same object.
stretch reflex
牽張性反射
Skeletal muscle contraction resulting form passive of active stretching of the same muscle. It involves two-neuron reflex circuitry.
striate cortex
紋狀體皮質
Primary visual cortex, or Brodmann area 17.
Striatum
紋狀體
General term for the basal ganglia nuclei of the putamen and caudate nucleus.
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