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Thursday, January 31, 2008

NC475G郁文

NC475G郁文

Glossary ( terminal bouton ~ tissue plasminogen-activating agent )

terminal bouton

Nerve end synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters.

神經末梢的突觸囊泡,內含神經傳導物質。

圖片:http://medstudy.webmd.idv.tw/histo/display.php?ID=NTY=#pic

testosterone

睪固酮

Male sex hormone produced by the testicle. Promotes the development of sperm and sexual characteristics.

由睪丸間質細胞分泌的男性賀爾蒙,可促使精子成熟、保持男性特徵。

thalamic syndrome

丘腦症候群

Symptoms of transient hemiparesis and loss of superficial and deep sensation with preservation of crude pain in the hypalgesic (reduced sensitivity to pain ) limbs secondary to infarction of the posteroinferior thalamus.

又叫Dejerine-Roussy氏症候群,於1903年由DejerineEgger首先提出。到1907年,經Roussy正式確認並命名。病因主要是丘腦膝狀動脈發生閉塞,病變部位在丘腦外側核的後半部,其症候特點是:

對側肢體運動障礙。發病時,出現轉瞬即逝的對側肢體偏癱;對側肢體的不隨意運動,或舞蹈樣,或手足徐動,其程度均輕。

面肌癱瘓的特點是:對側面部表情運動障礙,由於丘腦至皮質下基底神經節核團反射徑路受累中斷,造成病灶對側面部分離性運動障礙:即當患者大哭大笑、情緒激動時,病灶對側面部表情喪失,呈現面肌癱瘓征,但如果同時令患者作病灶對側的上下肢運動,並無癱瘓表現。

對側半身感覺障礙。

對側半身自發性劇痛。

對側半身感覺過敏或感覺過度。

丘腦性疼痛伴有植物性神經功能障礙。

thalamus

丘腦

Major diencephalic structure located on either side of the third ventricle and medial to the internal capsules. Plays an important role in sensorimotor integration and projection to the cortex.

構成第三腦室側壁在上視丘與下視丘之間,為感覺系統與大腦皮質之連接站

thermal anesthesia

溫覺缺失

Loss of temperature (Heat and cold) sensation.

喪失對溫度(冷、熱)的感覺。

thermal hyperesthesia

溫覺過敏

Abnormally lower threshold of sensitivity to heat and cold.

對冷、熱溫度的感覺閾值異常的低。

thermal hypoesthesia

溫覺減退

Diminished sensitivity to heat and cold stimuli.

對冷、熱刺激的感覺敏感度減少。

thermoreceptors

溫度受器

Receptors with sensitivity to heat and cold.

對冷、熱敏感的感覺受器。

Thiamine

硫胺素(維他命B1)

Essential for growth, a vitamin resent in milk and grain husks. Deficiency is associated with beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, characterized by progressive personality changes and amnesia.

為成長所必須的維他命,可由牛奶及榖類外殼獲得,若缺乏會引發腳氣病及高沙可夫症候群,會有漸進的人格改變與健忘症的特徵。

腳氣病﹙beriberi﹚:分為乾性﹙dry﹚與濕性﹙wet﹚兩種。乾性腳氣病以神經系統的傷害最為明顯,典型症狀有神經系統退化、全身神經刺痛感、手與腳部的協調不良、腿部腓腸肌(calf muscle)按壓會疼痛。濕性腳氣病以心臟的傷害最為明顯,典型症狀有心臟擴大、心臟衰竭、嚴重水腫。

高沙可夫症候群 ( Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ) 是酒精中毒引發的維生素B1缺乏症,兼有急性腦病變與慢性精神病症。酗酒者通常飲食攝取極不均衡,加上酒精干擾B1的吸收,終而導致缺乏,使腦部能量不足而有嚴重的傷害。患者喪失記憶、神智紊亂、步履不穩、眼球肌肉麻痺、眼球移動失控。

third ventricle

第三腦室

Space in the diencephalons filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

為間腦(包括視丘及第三腦室之大部分)內的一個空間,內充滿了腦脊隨液。

thoracolumbar outflow

胸椎與腰椎的傳出(路徑)

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons with cell bodies in the lateral gray columns of the thoracic segments and the first two of three spinal lumbar segments.

交感節前神經與細胞體,位於胸段與脊椎腰段的前三分之二(T1-L2/3)的側灰柱(脊髓灰質柱,為神經細胞體之所在處)的部分。

threshold

閾值

Value of membrance potential at which the ionic current change flows into the membrane, causing the cellular interior to become positive.

細胞膜電位在離子電流改變流入細胞內使得細胞內電位為正時的值。

即引起反應之最低刺激度

thrombolytic agent

血栓溶解劑

Chemical agents that dissolve blood clots and restore circulation. Also included in this category is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).

一種化學藥劑,可使血塊溶解恢復血液循環,例如:t-PA (組織型纖溶酶原激活劑、組織漿質催化素)

Thrombosis

血栓塞

Formation of a localized clot that blocks the lumen of a blood vessel.

血管內局部發生血塊阻塞了血管內通路。

圖片:http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2003/02/57580

thymus

胸腺

Lymphoid structure that functions as an endocrine gland.

功能如類分泌腺的淋巴結構。

thyrotropin

促甲狀腺激素( thyroid stimulating hormoneTSH )

Thyroid trophic hormone secretes by adenohypophysis.

腦下垂體前葉分泌,促進甲狀腺活動刺激分泌甲狀腺素

tic

抽搐

Spasmodic involuntary twitching of muscles that are usually under voluntary control.

隨意肌發生不可控制(不隨意)的痙攣情形。

tissue plasminogen-activating agent (tPA)

組織型纖溶酶原激活劑/組織漿質催化素

Drug used to restore blood circulation in acute cases of thromboembolic stroke by dissolving the atherosclerotic clot.

一種血栓溶解劑( thrombolytic agent ),借由溶解動脈中的血塊用於治療急性動脈粥狀硬化。

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