NC2023嘉芸

NC004T1-02

Major Brain Diseases

主要的大腦病變

主要有八大種

一.腦血管阻塞;中風 二.腦腫瘤 三.髓鞘脫失 四.腦退化衰退變性 五.運動神經的失調 六.缺乏性失調 七.細菌和病毒感染 八.癲癇

NC026TT24

pronation(內轉)

rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward

手和前臂的旋轉為了使手掌面向下方

http://www.answers.com/topic/pronation

NC051F2-25

A.中腦橫切斷部分顯示出它的內在解剖,裡面包含蓋膜和基礎腦橋兩大部分

B.對照腦橋的橫切斷部分

NC081TT05

Cauda equina(馬尾)

脊髓神經根部集合成的神經束

The bundle of spinal nerve roots running through the lower part of the subarachnoid space within the vertebral canal below the first lumbar vertebra.

http://www.answers.com/Cauda+equina?cat=health

NC096T3-04

Anatomic Structrues of the Midbrain

中腦的解剖組織構造

分成尾部(低)的中腦和喙形(高)的中腦兩大部分

NC113TT31

substantia nigra

一個廣大的紡前染色的神經細胞的階層和帕金森氏症有關聯

A layer of large pigmented nerve cells in the midbrain that produce dopamine and whose destruction is associated with Parkinson's disease.

http://www.answers.com/substantia+nigra?cat=health

NC130TT18

Klinefelter syndrome(柯林菲特氏症)

Klinefelter syndrome是由男性原本XY之性染色體多出一個X染色體所造成的特殊現象。

XXY syndrome, chromatinpositive syndrome, medullary gonadal dysgen-esis

NC130TT68

Turner syndrome(透納氏症)

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder affecting females wherein one of the two X-chromosomes is defective or completely absent.

是因為性染色體缺少或不全所造成,即X0 (只有一條X染色體)

臨床特徵為女性性腺發育不全、原發性停經、矮小身材，蹼狀頸、肘外翻，智力正常或稍差。

NC151TT18

GABA

gamma-aminobutyric acid

一種胺基酸,在蛋白質裡找不到,由C₄H₉NO_2所組成

An amino acid, C₄H₉NO₂, that is not found in proteins, but occurs in the central nervous system and is associated with the transmission of nerve impulses.

http://www.answers.com/GABA?cat=health

NC164L01

List the major modalities of sensation

列出主要的感覺形態，例如視覺、味覺

在課本p.164~p.165

NC184TT16

spinothalamic tract脊髓丘腦的神經傳導途徑

Two spinal cord tracts carrying afferent nerve fibers to the thalamus; includes two principal tracts, the lemniscal and the extralemniscal systems.

一. the lemniscal system: lateral spinothalamic tract脊髓丘腦側束

二. extralemniscal systems : anterior spinothalamic tract脊髓丘腦腹側束

NC184Q3

Define the concept of phantom pain

定義錯覺疼痛的觀念

NC207TT13

iris(虹膜)

為眼睛內能收縮的膜,是無光的,圓形的,位於角膜和晶體之間

The pigmented, round, contractile membrane of the eye, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

NC225P04

一位27歲的婦女有長達三個禮拜的聽覺問題病史和雙重視覺，被帶去醫院接受檢查，經過檢查神經學家認為這是個中央聽覺處理缺乏的案子，在傳統診斷測驗中表現良好，但在產生語言訊號則有困難。中型橋樑的介入影響視覺的產生。

NC238L05

Describe the functions of the major sensorimotor tracts

描述主要感覺途徑的功能

在課本p.240~p.245

NC259TT19

skeletal muscle(骨骼肌)

是一種隨意肌,由許多肌纖維所組成,又叫做條紋肌

A usually voluntary muscle made up of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated muscle fibers, having principally bony attachments. Also called striated muscle.

NC276F13-03

基底核的組成成分和輸入及輸出的投射路徑

NC299TT02

Babinski reflex(巴賓斯基反射)

一種神經性測試方法, 顯示異常的足底反射, 表示中樞神經系統發生損害

extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons.

An extension of the great toe, sometimes with fanning of the other toes, in response to stroking of the sole of the foot. It is a normal reflex in infants, but it is usually associated with a disturbance of the pyramidal tract in children and adults. Also called Babinski sign, Babinski's sign.

NC317F15-10

此部分為大腦內的上視丘,顯示出動眼神經的細胞核和神經纖維會經過中腦的底部,即蓋膜

NC350P04

一個60歲的神父因為感覺運動神經出問題而被帶去急診室，他吞嚥有困難外平衡也有困難，左側會滑落，右腿和手臂衰弱。結論是左側橋腦髓質的損害是由交互的症狀造成的。

NC362F16-07

主要的邊垂的途徑:中間的前腦神經束

NC377TT31

subcallosal gyrus胼胝體 腦回

形成大腦半球的組織

A slender vertical whitish band immediately anterior to the anterior commissure of the brain. Also called paraterminal gyrus, peduncle of corpus callosum.

NC396P02

一個65歲的慣用右手的商人在突然的混亂中被送去醫院，一開始不能說很多話，除了一些亂語和老套的表達方式之外，經過三個禮拜的照顧和復原，呈現出嚴重的敏感性失語症。結論是一個中風在微通道結構的之後的分支受暫時的皮質影響，包含典型的威尼基區域，這類病人理解和表達都有受損。

NC404TT12

sinus(靜脈竇)

下陷或凹下去的地方

A cavity, recess, or hollow space.

NC421L07

Describe the physiology of sleep and explain associated patterns of brain activity

描述睡眠心理學和解釋相關的大腦活動樣式

在課本p.435~p.437

NC449Q2

List the four major types of brain waves and their corresponding frequencies

列出四種大腦波形的主要類型和他們一致的頻率

NC450TT13

lumbar punctureul(腰椎穿刺)

一種診斷和治療方式,測量腦脊髓液的壓力,也可減少腦脊髓液的壓力。

The insertion of a hollow needle beneath the arachnoid membrane of the spinal cord in the lumbar region to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes or to administer medication.

Questions

NC184Q3

Define the concept of phantom pain

定義錯覺疼痛的觀念

NC449Q2

List the four major types of brain waves and their corresponding frequencies

列出四種大腦波形的主要類型和他們一致的頻率